Toxic effect of cyanobacterial (blue–green algae) extracts as natural pesticides for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 5 Toxic effect of Spirulina sp. and Nostoc muscorum extracts at their LC₅₀ values on adult emergence and fecundity of Spodoptera frugiperda

Treatments	Adult emergence (%)	Fecundity (number)
Treatments	Pooled data	Pooled data ± SE
Spirulina hexane extract	52.83 (46.63)^ab	618.17 (24.86)^ab ± 25.79
Spirulina PE extract	54.17 (47.40)^ab	644.50 (25.34)^bc ± 48.44
Nostoc muscorum hexane extract	50.83 (45.48)^a	532.17 (23.06)^a ± 22.23
N. muscorum PE extract	52.00 (46.15)^a	599.83 (24.43)^ab ± 53.31
Spirulina ethanol extract	57.50 (49.32)^ab	732.83 (27.07)^c ± 23.82
Spirulina methanol extract	59.17 (50.29)^c	748.17 (27.36)^c ± 12.26
N. muscorum ethanol extract	55.83 (48.36)^ab	719.50 (26.83)^c ± 17.33
N. muscorum methanol extract	57.17 (49.12)^ab	722.83 (26.88)^c ± 23.35
Control	98.17 (82.23)^d	1065.67 (32.65)^d ± 18.31
P-value		0.00000288
F value	106.1688	13.92352
DF	26	26
CD (0.01)	4.572	2.968
CD (0.05)	3.337	2.167

Treatments found significant at 1% and 5% level of significance
^*Figures in parentheses are arcsine transformed values
a,b,c,d: The values represented by same alphabet are statistically on par with each other by DMRT mean of three replications