Toxic effect of cyanobacterial (blue–green algae) extracts as natural pesticides for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 4 Toxic effect of Spirulina sp. and Nostoc muscorum extracts at their LC₅₀ values on pupal and adult malformation of Spodoptera frugiperda

Treatments	Pupal malformation (%)	Adult malformation (%)
Treatments	Pooled data	Pooled data
Spirulina hexane extract	49.83 (44.90)^bc	44.50 (41.84)^b
Spirulina PE extract	47.50 (43.56)^cd	39.17 (38.74)^c
Nostoc muscorum hexane extract	57.50 (49.32)^a	58.17 (49.70)^a
N. muscorum PE extract	54.17 (47.39)^ab	53.17 (46.82)^a
Spirulina ethanol extract	39.33 (38.83)^ef	34.83 (36.14)^cd
Spirulina methanol extract	38.00 (38.05)^g	31.50 (34.13)^e
N. muscorum ethanol extract	43.50 (41.26)^de	38.17 (38.14)^c
N. muscorum methanol extract	41.33 (40.01)^ef	36.50 (37.16)^cd
Control	0.00 (0.00)^h	0.00 (0.00)^f
F value	247.4882	224.3165
DF	26	26
CD (0.01)	3.905	3.831
CD (0.05)	2.851	2.797

Treatments found significant at 1% and 5% level of significance
^*Figures in parentheses are arcsine transformed values
a,b,c,d,e,f: The values represented by same alphabet are statistically on par with each other by DMRT mean of three replications