Toxic effect of cyanobacterial (blue–green algae) extracts as natural pesticides for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 3 Toxic effect of Spirulina sp. and Nostoc muscorum extracts at their LC₅₀ values on pupation and pupal weight of Spodoptera frugiperda

Treatments	Pupation (%)	Pupal weight (g)
Treatments	Pooled data	Pooled data ± SE
Spirulina hexane extract	53.67 (47.10)^abc	0.18 (0.82)^c ± 0.00
Spirulina PE extract	54.50 (47.59)^abcd	0.19 (0.83)^cd ± 0.01
Nostoc muscorum hexane extract	50.83 (45.48)^a	0.12 (0.79)^a ± 0.01
N. muscorum PE extract	52.50 (46.43)^ab	0.15 (0.80)^b ± 0.01
Spirulina ethanol extract	58.67 (49.99)^cd	0.22 (0.85)^e ± 0.00
Spirulina methanol extract	60.00 (50.79)^e	0.23 (0.85)^e ± 0.00
N. muscorum ethanol extract	55.83 (48.35)^abcd	0.19 (0.83)^cd ± 0.00
N. muscorum methanol extract	57.50 (49.32)^bcd	0.20 (0.84)^d ± 0.00
Control	98.83 (83.83)^f	0.29 (0.89)^f ± 0.00
P value		0.000000000559
F value	127.8962	40.75302
DF	26	26
CD (0.01)	4.326	0.019
CD (0.05)	3.158	0.014

Treatments found significant at 1% and 5% level of significance
^*Figures in parentheses are arcsine transformed values
a,b,c,d,e,f: The values represented by same alphabet are statistically on par with each other by DMRT mean of three replications