Table 2 Toxic effect of Spirulina sp. and Nostoc muscorum extracts at their LC₅₀ values on larval and pupal duration of Spodoptera frugiperda

Spirulina hexane extract

17.42 (4.23)^abc ± 0.18

12.42 (3.59)^abc ± 0.25

Spirulina PE extract

16.83 (4.16)^bcd ± 0.30

12.08 (3.54)^bcd ± 0.56

Nostoc muscorum hexane extract

18.42 (4.35)^a ± 0.41

13.83 (3.79)^a ± 0.14

N. muscorum PE extract

17.73 (4.27)^ab ± 0.44

12.92 (3.66)^ab ± 0.53

Spirulina ethanol extract

16.33 (4.10)^cd ± 0.25

11.25 (3.43)^cde ± 0.54

Spirulina methanol extract

16.17 (4.08)^de ± 0.14

10.75 (3.35)^de ± 0.31

N. muscorum ethanol extract

16.67 (4.14)^cd ± 0.18

11.92 (3.52)^bcd ± 0.30

N. muscorum methanol extract

16.50 (4.12)^cd ± 0.31

11.50 (3.46)^bcd ± 0.41

Control

15.17 (3.96)^f ± 0.07

10.08 (3.25)^f ± 0.56

P value

0.000124

0.003449

F value

8.184

4.597887

DF

26

26

CD (0.01)

0.163

0.307

CD (0.05)

0.119

0.224