Table 4 Mean egg eclosion (%±SE) of second and fourth larval instars of Spodoptera litura from three different field populations treated with nucleopolyhedrosis virus and emamectin benzoate. (NPV-1 2 × 10⁹ POBs ml⁻¹, NPV-2 3 × 10⁹ POBs ml⁻¹, NPV-3 4 × 10⁹ POBs ml⁻¹, EM 0.1 ppm)

NPV-1

63.39 ± 2.41ab

70.61 ± 2.47b

76.46 ± 2.89b

74.45 ± 1.35a

83.14 ± 2.23ab

89.48 ± 2.40ab

NPV-2

51.91 ± 2.17bc

62.58 ± 2.09c

68.79 ± 2.73bc

60.44 ± 2.27c

72.39 ± 2.15b

77.07 ± 1.99bc

NPV-3

39.68 ± 1.34c

47.10 ± 1.58d

51.02 ± 1.93c

45.08 ± 1.58d

54.91 ± 1.42c

63.20 ± 2.29c

EM

27.28 ± 1.21cd

38.50 ± 1.31e

42.25 ± 1.25cd

32.59 ± 1.25e

43.95 ± 1.30cd

52.58 ± 1.60cd

NPV-1 + EM

18.49 ± 1.03d

27.47 ± 1.12f

35.96 ± 1.39d

25.15 ± 1.09ef

36.41 ± 1.23d

41.25 ± 1.42d

NPV-2 + EM

11.45 ± 0.22e

18.40 ± 1.01g

21.18 ± 1.14e

18.22 ± 0.48f

24.05 ± 1.11e

33.28 ± 1.19de

NPV-3 + EM

0.00 ± 0.00f

0.00 ± 0.00h

2.93 ± 0.09f

4.85 ± 0.08g

10.42 ± 0.47f

16.19 ± 0.92f

Control

83.37 ± 2.63a

90.63 ± 3.61a

92.39 ± 2.82a

92.74 ± 3.39a

93.89 ± 2.92a

95.38 ± 3.23a