A new genus and two new species with some new records of the subfamily Campopleginae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Iran

Background The Campopleginae is the third largest subfamily of Ichneumonidae in the world and Iran. Results During a study of the family Ichneumonidae in northwestern Iran, we collected 30 species of the subfamily Campopleginae. One genus, Parameloboris Riedel, and two species, Diadegma persicum Riedel sp. nov. and Para-meloboris nigrocephalus Riedel sp. nov. , are new to science described and illustrated here. Nine species are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Iran. A checklist of the Iranian members of Campopleginae was provided showing the geographical distribution in Iran. A new name, Dusona rufigaster Riedel, Mohammadi‑Khoramabadib and Khayran‑ dish, 2019 proposed for preoccupied by Walley, 1940 a new name, Dusona rufitergus Riedel & Karimi is proposed here. Conclusions The number of identified species of the subfamily Campopelgine in Iran increased to 94 species.


Background
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) is one of the largest families of insects with more than 25,285 species described worldwide (Yu et al. 2016).In order to increase our knowledge of these abundant and important parasitoids of pests, research on their taxonomy, distribution and biology is ongoing throughout the world, even in well-studied areas such as Europe (Klopfstein et al. 2019;Vas and Giovanni 2020).
The Iranian Ichneumonidae fauna is not well investigated, although it is one of the most interesting in the Western Palaearctic due to its affinities to the Eastern Palaearctic region.The first records of Ichneumonidae species from Iran had been done by Kokujev (1906).Later, many species of the subfamily Ichneumoninae were reported by Heinrich (1929).In recent years, several studies in the form of dissertations or research projects in this field were carried out in Iran (Talebi et al. 2005;Barahoei et al. 2012;Fathi et al. 2012;Shaw et al. 2016;Moheban et al. 2016;Amiri et al. 2017;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi and Ziaaddini 2017;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al. 2017, 2018;Riedel et al. 2019aRiedel et al. , 2019b;;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi 2023).
The subfamily Campopleginae is the third largest subfamily of Ichneumonidae, with more than 2127 identified species in the world (Yu et al. 2016).The members of this subfamily are mainly koinibiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae, although some species attack Coleoptera, Symphyta (Hymenoptera), Rhaphidioptera and Neuroptera larvae (Broad et al. 2018).Therefore, campoplegines are effective parasitoids for both classical and conservation biological control of pests (Quick 2015).Gonzalez et al. (1980) and Herard et al. (1979) have reported some species of the subfamily Campopleginae from Iran.Subsequently, studies elaborated the knowledge about this subfamily.Eighty Iranian species of the subfamily Campopleginae are known to 2023 (Talebi et al. 2005; Barahoei et al. 2012;Fathi et al. 2012;Shaw et al. 2016;Moheban et al. 2016;Amiri et al. 2017;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi and Ziaaddini 2017;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al. 2017, 2018;Riedel et al. 2019aRiedel et al. , 2019b;;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi 2023).Our recently collected specimens from northwest Iran revealed many new findings, including new species and new records.

Methods
This study is based on specimens collected in north-west Iran during the spring and summer of 2019-2020.Collections were done via a Malaise trap and sweep net.Totally 58 specimens were collected.Collected specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and prepared according to the AXA method (van Achterberg 2009).Prepared specimens were mounted on rectangular cards and labeled.Prepared specimens were sorted, and specimens were then examined under an Olympus ™ SZH.The last author identified specimens according to reliable keys (Townes 1969(Townes , 1970;;Kasparyan and Dbar 1985;Horstmann 1994;Varga 2014; Di Giovanni and Riedel 2017;Riedel 2018).Morphological terminology follows Broad et al. (2018).The distributional data of some species were extracted from Yu et al. (2016).
An Olympus SZX 7 stereo microscope with a dividing eyepiece was used for the measurement.The figures were taken with a Canon R A720 digital camera using Adobe Photoshop CS software and processed with Helicon Focus and Microsoft Picture manager software.
Voucher specimens were deposited in the HMIM (Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran).

Results
In this research, we identified 30 species of the subfamily Campopleginae in 12 genera.One new genus and two new species were described, and 13 species were reported for the first time in Iran.
Male unknown.
It also resembles Diadegma aegyptiacum Horstmann 1993 but differs by larger ocelli, at least as long as OOL (smaller in D. aegyptiacum), mainly black hind coxa and trochanter (reddish in D. aegyptiacum) and trapezoid area basalis of propodeum (apically stalked in D. aegyptiacum).
Diadegma Diagnosis: Length of fore wing 3.4-3.9mm.Head with dense fine granulation, not punctate (Fig. 3B, C).Temple wide, slightly and roundly narrowed behind eye, dorsally 0.8 × as long as eye.Ocelli smaller than the distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye.Face wider than long.Inner eye margins slightly indented opposite antennal sockets.Clypeus slightly convex, apical margin almost smooth and ± shining; apical margin sharp and almost straight, slightly protruding medially, but without median tooth or tubercle.Mandible with low ventral lamella; ventral tooth slightly larger than dorsal one.Malar space 0.6 × as long as width of mandibular base.Genal carina reaching hypostomal carina away from mandibular base; both carinae low.
Taxonomical remark: This new genus runs to Nemeritis Holmgren in the key of World Campopleginae (Townes 1969), but differs by a pentagonal areolet of fore wing, absence of discoidella and interception of nervellus in hind wing, a densely granulate but not punctate body, and an extensive red coloration of the mesosoma and tergites.It might represent an aberrant species of Nemeritis.

Discussion
The Campopleginae is one of the most diverse subfamilies of Ichneumonidae family, consisting of more than 2500 known species into 66 genera (Vas et al. 2022).In Iran, the first data on this subfamily comes from surveys on the parasitoids of some important pests (Gonzalez et al. 1980;Herard et al. 1979) but over past two decades, the faunal, taxonomical and bioecological researches have been considerably accelerated our information on this subfamily as up to now, 14 host-parasitoid relations have been documented, so that Families Noctuidae, Yponomeutidae, Lymantridae, Pyralidae, Geometridae, Tortricidae, Pieridae, Tischeriidae, Plutellidae, Lycaenidae, Choreutidae and Nymphlidae from Lepidoptera and Curculionidae family from Coleoptera have been reported as hosts for Compopleginae species from Iran (Amiri et al. 2017;Barahoei et al. 2012;Fathi et al. 2012;Mohammadi Khoramabadi et al., 2017, 2018;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi and Ziaaddini 2017;Mohebban et al. 2016;Riedel et al. 2019aRiedel et al. , 2019b;;Shaw et al. 2016;Talebi et al. 2005), Therefore, regarding the importance of the Campopleginae in the biological control of important pests, there is a need for more studies in Iran.

Alcima Förster, 1869
A. orbitale (Gravenhorst, 1829) Mazandaran Haeselbarth (1985), Ghahari and Jussila ( 2016  2019a); Mazandaran (Haeselbarth 1985;Ghahari and Jussila 2016;Riedel et al. 2019b;Navaeian et al. 2021); Fars (Hinz and Horstmann 2004;Masnadi 2006;Masnadi et al. 2010;Amiri et al. 2017;Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al. 2020;Falahatpisheh et al. 2021;Vas et al. 2022); Kerman (Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al. 2016, 2018;Riedel et al. 2019b;Navaeian et al. 2021;Bahremand et al. 2022); East Azarbaijan (Masnadi et al. 2010;Lotfalizadeh et al. 2012;Samin et al. 2021) and West Azarbaijan provinces (Gonzalez et al. 1980;Karimpour et al. 2005;Masnadi et al. 2010;Razmi et al. 2011;Akbarzadeh-Shoukat 2012;Navaeian et al. 2021).This research was conducted in West Azarbaijan province located in the northwest of Iran.In the present study, a new genus Parameloboris gen.nov.and two new species Diadegma persicum sp.nov.and Parameloboris nigrocephalus sp.nov.and 9 new records for the Iranian fauna of Campopleginae increasing the number of known Iranian Campopleginae from 64 to 94 species in 26 genera.Most of the faunal studies on Campopleginae subfamily in Iran have been done in recent years, so that out of 94 reported species, 54 species were reported after 2018.Diadegma, Campoletis and Hyposoter, each with 22, 11 and 10 species, respectively, are known as the most specious compopleginae genera in Iran.Of 26 reported compopleginae genera from Iran, 11 genera are represented by only one species in Iran (Table 1).94 species reported from Iran are related to 25 out of 31 provinces of the country, therefore, faunal studies of this subfamily have been carried out in a large part of the country.The most studies have been conducted in West Azarbaijan, Fars and Kerman provinces, respectively, so that 31, 21 and 18 species have been reported from these provinces, respectively.Several provinces including of Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Kermanshah, Kordistan, Kuhgiloyeh and Boyerahmed, Lorestan, Qom and Semnan, represented by only a single species of Campopleginae.No species has been reported from Zanjan, Ilam, Yazd, North Khorasan and South Khorasan provinces, so there is a need for more studies in Iran. The

Conclusion
With the addition of a new genus (Parameloboris gen.nov.) and two new species (Parameloboris nigrocephalus sp.nov.and Diadegma persicum sp.nov.) and the report of 9 new records for Iran, the number of species of the subfamily Campopleginae for Iran increased to 94 species of which 24 species need further studies and collection for surely cited for Iranian fauna, therefore marked with an asterisk in Table 1.According to the results of this research as well as the biological and ecological diversity of Iran, the number of species of this subfamily is expected to be much more than this number.Therefore, it is necessary to collect more and more widely in the country.

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Diadegma persicum sp.nov., female: A female in lateral view; B fore and hind wings venation; C head and antenna in lateral view

Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Parameloboris nigrocephalus sp.nov.female: A female in lateral view; B head in frontal view; C head in dorsal view; D ovipositor

Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Parameloboris nigrocephalus sp.nov.female: E propodeum in dorsal view; F antenna in lateral view; G first metasomal segment in lateral view; H fore wing venation