Insights into sublethal effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the biotic potentials of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 1 Development period (days) of Spodoptera furgiperda after exposure to sublethal concentration of Metarhizium anisopliae

Stages	N	Control	n	LC₂₀	n	LC₃₀	n	LC₅₀
Egg	60	2.82 ± 0.05ab	60	2.85 ± 0.05a	60	2.65 ± 0.07b	60	2.48 ± 0.07c
L1	60	2.42 ± 0.07b	60	2.42 ± 0.07b	60	3.08 ± 0.12a	60	3.25 ± 0.09a
L2	60	2.80 ± 0.78bc	60	2.75 ± 0.08c	60	3.40 ± 0.10b	60	3.65 ± 0.07a
L3	60	3.48 ± 0.11c	58	3.81 ± 0.13ab	59	3.76 ± 0.10b	56	4.16 ± 0.08a
L4	59	4.10 ± 0.16b	55	4.44 ± 0.16ab	54	4.26 ± 0.09b	45	4.64 ± 0.09a
L5	58	4.48 ± 0.14c	53	4.98 ± 0.18b	49	5.27 ± 0.17ab	33	5.52 ± 0.14a
L6	57	5.49 ± 0.13c	51	5.98 ± 0.16b	47	6.06 ± 0.13b	33	6.45 ± 0.12a
Pupa	57	6.91 ± 0.18c	49	7.59 ± 0.22b	47	8.02 ± 0.13ab	33	8.24 ± 0.12a
Adult	57	11.7 ± 0.24a	49	11.7 ± 0.33ab	47	10.4 ± 0.25c	33	9.64 ± 0.23d
Male	29	44.4 ± 0.90b	19	46.3 ± 0.95ab	20	45.1 ± 0.73ab	14	46.7 ± 0.66a
Female	28	44.0 ± 0.77c	30	46.0 ± 0.1.06bc	27	48.0 ± 0.68ab	19	48.6 ± 0.67a
Nf/N		0.46 ± 0.06ab		0.50 ± 0.06a		0.45 ± 0.06ab		0.31 ± 0.06b

SE was estimated by bootstrapping (100,000 replications), L1-L6 indicate the larval instar, n = shows the number of individuals, LC₂₀ = 1.04 × 10³, LC₃₀ = 5.4 × 10⁴ and LC₅₀ = 3.6 × 10⁷, means sharing similar letters are not significantly different, determined using the paired bootstrap test (p < 0.05), and L1-L6 shows the larval instars