Biological characteristics and parasitization potential of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on the whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a pest of greenhouse crops in north-western Indian Himalayas

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 5 Adult longevity of E. formosa emerging from different parasitized nymphal instars of T. vaporariorum in the presence and absence of parasitoid host

Whitefly instar	Adult longevity (mean ± SE) of E. formosa in days
Whitefly instar	Host present (+)	Host absent (−)	Mean
II	5.9 ± 0.9^a	6.9 ± 1.6^bc	6.4^b
III	6.3 ± 0.7^a	7.3 ± 0.8^cd	6.8^ab
IV	6.5 ± 0.6^abc	7.9 ± 0.9^d	7.2^a
Mean	6.2^b	7.4^a

Interactions—LSD at 5%, nymphal instar (A) 0.63, F_{2, 59} = 3.26, P value = 0.453
Host ± (B) 0.52, F_{1, 59} = 19.65, P value < 0.001
Nymphal instar × Host ± 0.89, F_{5, 59} = 5.34, P value < 0.001