Biological characteristics and parasitization potential of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on the whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a pest of greenhouse crops in north-western Indian Himalayas

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 3 Utilization of different nymphal instars of T. vaporariorum by E. formosa for parisitization

Whitefly instar	Parisitization (%) by E. formosa		Parasitoid emergence from mummified nymphs (%)
Whitefly instar	Mean ± SE	Range	Parasitoid emergence from mummified nymphs (%)
I	0.0 ± 0.0^c	–	–*
II	19.6 ± 5.3^b	14–26	100.0^a
III	36.4 ± 6.7^a	28–44	100.0^a
IV	37.2 ± 2.5^a	34–40	100.0^a
LSD_(P=0.05)	5.72		NS
F_{3, 19}	84.37		–
P value	< 0.001		–

*No parasitization was observed and was not included in analysis
Mean values within the columns bearing the same letters are not significantly different-LSD (P = 0.05)