Table 1 Biological parameters of reduviid bug, Rhynocoris marginatus on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

1

Egg (F₀)

9.65 ± 0.48

9–10

2

I instar

8.60 ± 0.50

8–9

3

II instar

9.45 ± 0.51

9–10

4

III instar

10.95 ± 0.51

10–12

5

IV instar

11.45 ± 0.69

11–12

6

V instar

15.40 ± 0.82

14–17

7

Total nymphal period

55.89 ± 1.60

53–59

8

Adult pre-oviposition period (APOP)*

14.7 ± 0.86

13–16

Total pre-oviposition period (TPOP)

80.20 ± 1.76

76–83

9

Oviposition period*

59.60 ± 4.21

53–66

10

Fecundity of the female*

349.30 ± 27.06

315–414

11

Number of egg batches per female*

6.90 ± 0.74

6–8

12

Number of eggs in a single batch

52.50 ± 13.39

23–79

13

Egg hatchability (%) (F₁)

94.94 ± 4.56

82.3–100 (%)

14

Adult longevity

Male

85.65 ± 6.98

73–95

Female

95.9 ± 7.19

82–108

15

Total life cycle (egg to adult)

Male

151.15 ± 7.42

136–162

Female

161.4 ± 7.78

148–175

16

Survivability to adult

–

62.50 (%)