Impact of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), invasion on maize and the native Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in East Java, Indonesia, and evaluation of the virulence of some indigenous entomopathogenic fungus isolates for controlling the pest

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 2 Mean of conidial viability of entomopathogenic fungus isolates, and mortality of Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae treated with the isolates at 10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹ concentration at 10-day post-treatment

Isolate	Conidial viability (%)	T. molitor mortality (%)	S. frugiperda mortality (%)
Control (water)	–	0.0 h	0.0 h
Aspergillus sp. 1	46.6 g	8.5 gh	5.5 gh
Aspergillus sp. 2	59.8 f	25.5 ef	3.5 gh
Aspergillus sp. 3	63.8 def	31.5 de	36.5 d
Aspergillus sp. 4	74.2 abc	46.5 bc	15.5 ef
Aspergillus sp. 5	43.2 g	41.5 cd	19.0 e
Aspergillus sp. 6	57.0 f	16.0 fg	9.0 fg
Beauveria bassiana s.l.*	69.0 bcde	43.5 c	62.0 b
Lecanicillium sp. 1	76.6 ab	44.0 c	48.5 c
Lecanicillium sp. 2	67.4 cde	57.0 ab	23.0 e
Lecanicillium sp. 3	44.6 g	44.5 c	34.0 d
Lecanicillium sp. 4	61.6 ef	51.5 abc	6.5 gh
Nomuraea sp. 1	77.2 a	27.5e	7.5 gh
Nomuraea sp. 2	70.6 abcd	50.5 abc	31.0 d
Trichoderma asperellum s.l.*	74.6 abc	61.5 a	71.0 a
Statistics	F_13,56 = 23.0; P < 0.0001	F_14,135 = 22.3; P < 0.0001	F_14,135 = 70.1; P < 0.0001

Means followed by the same letters within each column are not significantly different at P < 0.05 according to DMRT. Asterisk (*) indicates that the isolate was further identified based on its morphological characteristics and defined sensu lato (abbreviation “s.l.”)