Impact of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), invasion on maize and the native Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in East Java, Indonesia, and evaluation of the virulence of some indigenous entomopathogenic fungus isolates for controlling the pest

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 1 Entomopathogenic fungus isolates used in this study collected from rhizospheric soils of various plant species using Tenebrio molitor larvae as baits

Isolate	Conidia color	Plant species	Altitude (masl)	Ordinate
Aspergillus sp. 1	Dark green	Spring onion, Allium fistulosum L.	980	07°50′24″S, 112°33′00″E
Aspergillus sp. 2	Dark green	Lemon, Citrus limon (L.)	914	07°54′34″S, 112°32′01″E
Aspergillus sp. 3	Dark brown	Chili, Capsicum frutescens L.	506	07°56′25″S, 112°37′00″E
Aspergillus sp. 4	Yellowish green	Mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata Blanco	914	07°54′34″S, 112°32′01″E
Aspergillus sp. 5	Dark green	Taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	1226	07°49′30″S, 112°34′43″E
Aspergillus sp. 6	Dark brown	Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.	537	07°54′33″S, 112°36′53″E
Beauveria bassiana s.l.*	Hyaline	Coffee, Coffea arabica L.	1226	07°49′30″S, 112°34′43″E
Lecanicillium sp. 1	Hyaline	Coffee, Coffea arabica L.	1226	07°49′30″S, 112°34′43″E
Lecanicillium sp. 2	Hyaline	Eggplant, Solanum melongena L.	506	07°56′25″S, 112°37′00″E
Lecanicillium sp. 3	Hyaline	Eggplant, Solanum melongena L.	506	07°56′25″S, 112°37′00″E
Lecanicillium sp. 4	Hyaline	Mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata Blanco	914	07°54′34″S, 112°32′01″E
Nomuraea sp. 1	Hyaline	Pine, Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese	1226	07°49′30″S, 112°34′43″E
Nomuraea sp. 2	Hyaline	Coffee, Coffea arabica L.	1226	07°49′30″S, 112°34′43″E
Trichoderma asperellum s.l.*	Light to dark green	Taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	1226	07°49′30″S, 112°34′43″E

Asterisk (*) indicates that the isolate was further identified based on its morphological characteristics and defined sensu lato (abbreviation “s.l.”)