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Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control
Fig. 1 | Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Fig. 1

From: Biocontrol potential of Chitosan extracted from Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea: Cambaridae) against Eobania vermiculata snails (Muller 1774) in Egypt

Fig. 1

Digestive gland of Eobania vermiculata snail. a Digestive gland of untreated E. vermiculata snail (control group) display regular structure with normal digestive tubule (DT) lined with digestive cells (DC), calcium cells (CC) and excretory cells (EC) resting on a basement membrane (BM) and are arranged around a narrow lumen (L). b Digestive gland of treated E. vermiculata snail after 1 day of chitosan LC50 exposure exhibited rupture of digestive cells (RDC) and excretory cells (REC), vacuolated digestive cells (VDC), vacuolated excretory cells (VEC), degeneration of digestive cells (DDC) and the lumen (L) inside tubule increased in size. c Digestive gland of E. vermiculata snail exposed to LC50 of chitosan for 3 days revealed deformation of cells where the lumen (L) is increased, many vacuoles (V) found and presence of vacuolated digestive cells (VDC). Many cells were ruptured and degenerated (RDC, RCC, REC and DEC). d Digestive gland of E. vermiculata snail after 7 days of chitosan LC50 exposure showed moderate morphological changes, with normal digestive, excretory and calcium cells and some vacuoles, H&E × 10

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