Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 4 Mortality percentage of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus treated with Bt-k (70 µg g⁻¹), Beauveria bassiana (1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (300 IJs ml⁻¹) applied alone or in combination after 21 days of exposure

From: Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and bacteria against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

Stage	Treatments	Insect populations
Stage	Treatments	Layyah	R.Y. Khan	Muzaffargarh	D.G. Khan	F	P
Larvae	Bt-k	58.36 ± 4.55d	54.66 ± 4.46c	46.86 ± 4.53d	49.78 ± 2.45c	1.55	0.22
	Bb	72.63 ± 3.88c	66.79 ± 3.45c	57.27 ± 2.75 cd	55.55 ± 2.92c	6.04	≤ 0.05
	EPN	84.54 ± 2.71bc	81.06 ± 3.14b	70.45 ± 3.19bc	73.92 ± 2.74b	4.75	≤ 0.05
	Bt-k + Bb	87.01 ± 3.04b	82.17 ± 2.90b	75.77 ± 4.75b	78.24 ± 2.39b	2.09	0.12
	Bt-k + EPN	100.00 ± 0.00a	98.41 ± 1.58a	93.35 ± 3.06a	95.57 ± 2.85a	1.75	0.17
	Bb + EPN	100.0 ± 0.00a	100.0 ± 0.00a	100.0 ± 0.00a	100.0 ± 0.00a	–	–
	F	29.8	34.9	35.5	69.0	–	–
	P	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	–	–
Adults	Bt-k	39.04 ± 2.41d	32.56 ± 3.80d	26.79 ± 3.68f	30.74 ± 2.96f	2.45	0.08
	Bb	47.55 ± 2.60d	43.07 ± 4.15d	38.13 ± 4.09e	36.12 ± 3.31e	2.03	0.12
	EPN	61.13 ± 3.81c	58.15 ± 3.25c	52.37 ± 2.20d	54.35 ± 1.82d	1.83	0.16
	Bt-k + Bb	80.53 ± 2.66b	76.69 ± 3.11b	67.96 ± 3.92c	71.04 ± 3.18c	2.99	≤ 0.05
	Bt-k + EPN	94.24 ± 2.28a	90.03 ± 2.82a	81.27 ± 2.28b	86.48 ± 1.46b	5.88	≤ 0.05
	Bb + EPN	100.0 ± 0.00a	100.0 ± 0.00a	100.0 ± 0.00a	100.0 ± 0.00a	–	–
	F	95.3	70.9	80.5	130	–	–
	P	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	–	–

Mortality% followed by the same letter within each treatment and insect populations are not significantly different; HSD test P ≤ 0.05 (Bt-k: Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Bb: Beauveria bassiana, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)

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