Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 3 Mortality percentage of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus treated with Bt-k (70 µg g⁻¹), Beauveria bassiana (1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (300 IJs ml⁻¹) applied alone or in combination after 14 days of exposure

From: Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and bacteria against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

Stage	Treatments	Insect populations
Stage	Treatments	Layyah	D.G. Khan	Muzaffargarh	R.Y. Khan	F	P
Larvae	Bt-k	22.50 ± 1.58c	20.67 ± 1.39c	17.70 ± 1.08c	19.50 ± 1.23c	0.43	0.73
	Bb	31.02 ± 1.81c	27.76 ± 1.85c	23.39 ± 1.92c	25.64 ± 1.08c	0.59	0.62
	EPN	60.38 ± 2.71b	55.66 ± 2.44b	49.22 ± 2.65b	51.57 ± 2.18b	1.38	0.26
	Bt-k + Bb	65.24 ± 3.10b	59.10 ± 2.18b	52.55 ± 2.77b	55.09 ± 3.07b	3.39	≤ 0.05
	Bt-k + EPN	89.66 ± 3.26a	83.10 ± 3.72a	74.57 ± 3.14a	78.42 ± 3.87a	4.07	≤ 0.05
	Bb + EPN	97.37 ± 2.73a	91.55 ± 3.27a	82.68 ± 3.86a	86.17 ± 3.03a	3.67	≤ 0.05
	F	86.2	73.1	46.3	60.3	–	–
	P	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	–	–
Adults	Bt-k	17.40 ± 1.46c	15.78 ± 1.04c	12.01 ± 0.88c	13.76 ± 1.07c	0.73	0.54
	Bb	24.07 ± 1.50c	21.85 ± 1.28c	17.85 ± 1.33 cd	20.52 ± 1.32c	0.37	0.77
	EPN	45.06 ± 2.48b	40.40 ± 1.65b	34.54 ± 2.03bc	37.62 ± 1.99b	0.93	0.43
	Bt-k + Bb	52.54 ± 2.49b	48.01 ± 2.14b	39.98 ± 2.19b	43.27 ± 2.75b	2.56	0.07
	Bt-k + EPN	72.37 ± 3.21a	67.77 ± 3.10a	61.64 ± 2.93a	65.80 ± 2.57a	1.48	0.23
	Bb + EPN	81.29 ± 3.37a	75.74 ± 3.34a	64.43 ± 3.06a	70.18 ± 2.28a	3.87	≤ 0.05
	F	50.5	42.1	27.9	41.8	–	–
	P	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	–	–

Mortality% followed by the same letter within each treatment and insect populations are not significantly different; HSD test P ≤ 0.05 (Bt-k: Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Bb: Beauveria bassiana, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)

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