Fig. 1

a Mycosis percentage in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae treated with Bt-k (70 µg g⁻¹), Beauveria bassiana (1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (300 IJs ml⁻¹) applied alone or in combination. Percentage mycosis followed by the same letter within each treatment are not significantly different; HSD test P ≤ 0.05 ((Bt-k: Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Bb: Beauveria bassiana, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). b Mycosis percentage in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus adults treated with Bt-k (70 µg g⁻¹), Beauveria bassiana (1 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (300 IJs ml⁻¹) applied alone or in combination. Percentage mycosis followed by the same letter within each treatment are not significantly different; HSD test P ≤ 0.05 (Bt-k: Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Bb: Beauveria bassiana, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)