Table 5 Evaluation of simultaneous exposure and interaction among chemical nematicide, bacteria, botanicals, and fungi against the root-knot development of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions
Treatments | Root parameters | Soil parameters | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of galls | No. of egg masses | Root gall index (RGI) | Nematode population density (J2) 100 g soils/plant/pot | ||
Final population (% reduction) | Reproduction factor (RF = Pf/Pi) | ||||
Infected tomato plants | 48.20a | 53.80a | 4.00 | 456.00 | 2.28 |
Rhizobacteria + Purpureocillium lilacinum | 21.20e | 34.80cd | 3 | 304.20cd (33.28) | 1.52 |
Citrullus colocynthis + Moringa oleifera + Tagetes erecta | 38.40b | 46.00b | 4 | 339.60b (25.52) | 1.69 |
Treated plants with chemical nematicides: abamectin + emmectin benzoate | 32.80c | 39.40c | 2.6 | 344.00b (24.56) | 1.72 |
Abamectin + Purpureocillium lilacinum | 6.60g | 18.20e | 2.00 | 116.60 h (74.42) | 0.58 |
Emmectin benzoate + Purpureocillium lilacinum | 11.40fg | 20.40e | 2.40 | 326.00bc (28.50) | 1.63 |
Abamectin + Rhizobacteria | 15.60f | 23.80e | 2.40 | 209.00f (54.16) | 1.04 |
Emmectin benzoate + Rhizobacteria | 25.60de | 31.80d | 3.00 | 246.00e (46.05) | 1.23 |
Botanical extracts (Citrullus colocynthis + Moringa oleifera + Tagetes erecta) + Rhizobacteria | 31.40cd | 42.60c | 3.60 | 354.00b (22.36) | 1.78 |
Botanical extracts (Citrullus colocynthis + Moringa oleifera + Tagetes erecta) + Purpureocillium lilacinum | 29.20cd | 37.80c | 3.20 | 246.00e (46.05) | 1.23 |