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Table 4 Individual effects of abamectin, emmectin benzoate, colocynth, marigold, moringa, rhizobacteria, and Purpureocillium lilacinum on galls and reproduction of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions

From: Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using combinations of abamectin, Purpureocillium lilacinum, rhizobacteria, and botanicals compared with nematicide

Treatments

Meloidogyne incognita reproduction and galling parameters

No. of IJs/100 g soil (% reduction)

No. of galls (% reduction)

RGI

No. egg masses (% reduction)

Large size galls (≥ 4 mm)

Healthy plants

0.00g

0.00g

0.00f

0.00f

0.00f

Positive control infected with RNK M. incognita

352.00a

48.20a

4.00a

53.80a

23.20a

M. incognita + abamectin

88.20f

10.80f

2.40e

15.80e

2.00f

(74.94)

(77.59)

 

(70.63)

 

M. incognita + emmectin benzoate

195.00d

27.20e

3.00cd

32.60d

14.20bc

(44.60)

(43.56)

 

(39.40)

 

M. incognita + colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis

252.60b

40.20b

4.00a

48.20b

15.60bc

(28.23)

(16.59)

 

(10.40)

 

M. incognita + marigold, Tagetes erecta

284.80b

36.40bc

3.80a

42.40cd

12.20cd

(19.09)

(24.48)

 

(21.18)

 

M. incognita + moringa, Moringa oleifera

287.80b

34.60cd

3.60ab

41.60cd

16.20b

(18.23)

(28.21)

 

(22.67)

 

M. incognita + Serratia and Pseudomonas

210.00c

32.80d

3.20bc

34.80d

17.60b

(40.34)

(31.95)

 

(35.31)

 

M .incognita + Purpureocillium lilacinum

144.40e

12.60f

2.60de

15.40e

7.00e

(58.97)

(73.85)

 

(71.37)

 
  1. 0, no galls or egg masses; 1, 1–2 galls or egg masses; 2, 3–10 galls or egg masses; 3, 11–30 galls or egg masses; 4, 31–100 galls or egg masses; and 5, more than 100 galls or egg masses, according to the scale given by Taylor and Sasser (1978)
  2. Figures in parenthesis refer to the percentage of reduction
  3. Each value is the mean of five replicates
  4. Means in each column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at 5% level of probability according to Duncan’s multiple range tests
  5. \( \mathsf{Reduction}\%=\frac{\mathsf{Control}-\mathsf{treatment}\kern0.5em }{\mathsf{Control}}\times \mathsf{100} \)