Table 5 Effect of foliar spray of periwinkle and solidago aqueous extracts at different concentrations and application time on M. incognita infecting sunflower plants

 Periwinkle

500

18 de

43 cd

116 a

4959 d

2.5 d

1000

42 c

104 a

108 b

11,232 a

5.6 a

2000

89 a

114 a

59 d

6726 c

3.4 c

 Solidago

500

38 c

79 b

38 f

3002 e

1.5 e

1000

16 e

81 b

43 e

3483 e

1.7 e

2000

21 d

28 d

10 h

280 g

0.1 g

 Vydate® 24% SL

3 ml/L

22 d

58 c

30 g

1725 f

0.9 f

 Check

Water only

69 b

115 a

66 c

7590 b

3.8 b

 Periwinkle

500

14 d

15 c

25 g

375 c

0.2 c

1000

44 b

39 e

27 f

1053 b

0.5 b

2000

18 d

17 c

15 h

255 c

0.1 c

 Solidago

500

17 d

18 c

107 b

1926 a

1.0 a

1000

15 d

18 c

113 a

2072 a

1.0 a

2000

22 c

9 d

104 c

901 b

0.5 b

 Vydate® 24% SL

3 ml/L

66 a

27 b

76 d

2077 a

1.0 a

 Check

water only

8 e

26 b

70 e

1820 a

0.9 a

 Periwinkle

500

38 a

55 a

55 f

3025 c

1.5 c

1000

7 c

13 e

98 c

1274 d

0.6 d

2000

9 c

17 d

78 d

1326 d

0.7 d

 Solidago

500

13 b

31 b

171 b

5301 b

2.7 b

1000

2 d

3 f

0 h

0 e

0.0 e

2000

14 b

16 de

56 e

896 d

0.4 d

 Vydate® 24% SL

3 ml/L

8 c

15 de

12 g

180 e

0.1 e

 Check

Water only

6 c

26 c

428 a

11,128 a

5.6 a