Table 4 The mean pupation, adult emergence, and egg eclosion (% ± SE) of the 2nd and 4th instars (n = 20) of Spodoptera exigua larvae treated with nucleopolyhedrovirus alone and in combination with chlorantraniliprole

NPV-1 (1 × 10⁴)

82.52 ± 1.43

78.59 ± 2.58

69.89 ± 1.75

79.26 ± 1.88

74.94 ± 3.40

87.23 ± 5.55

NPV-2 (6 × 10⁴)

72.70 ± 1.14

71.30 ± 2.54

64.44 ± 2.65

75.56 ± 2.12

62.72 ± 2.60

77.54 ± 4.25

NPV-3 (3 × 10⁵)

60.44 ± 1.59

65.52 ± 2.14

52.22 ± 3.14

65.93 ± 2.17

49.53 ± 3.17

58.08 ± 3.99

Chl

51.89 ± 2.45

41.22 ± 1.93

44.07 ± 1.17

51.74 ± 2.38

40.68 ± 5.26

49.29 ± 5.07

NPV-1+ Chl

30.37 ± 0.00

34.07 ± 2.24

36.67 ± 3.06

50.37 ± 1.91

33.38 ± 2.17

42.14 ± 2.98

NPV-2+Chl

21.59 ± 1.85

20.56 ± 1.48

12.00 ± 2.66

32.44 ± 1.82

20.99 ± 2.10

25.07 ± 4.88

NPV-3+Chl

5.33 ± 1.37

12.30 ± 3.17

4.15 ± 2.74

17.59 ± 1.54

5.50 ± 1.23

9.55 ± 2.26

Control

97.29 ± 2.58

96.63 ± 2.65

95.56 ± 1.12

96.69 ± 2.65

90.63 ± 2.71

93.89 ± 8.56

F

221

342

168

219

36

26

Df

7,71

7,71

7,70

7,71

7,71

7,71

P

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01