Table 3 The mean pupation, adult emergence, and egg eclosion (% ± SE) of the 2nd and 4th instars (n = 20) of Spodoptera litura larvae treated with nucleopolyhedrovirus alone and in combination with chlorantraniliprole

NPV-1 (1 × 10⁴)

71.81 ± 2.22

74.63 ± 2.23

71.11 ± 2.73

64.44 ± 1.93

67.21 ± 2.70

76.63 ± 3.12

NPV-2 (6 × 10⁴)

61.01 ± 2.57

65.81 ± 1.93

60.15 ± 2.74

52.96 ± 2.11

54.99 ± 3.84

65.65 ± 3.10

NPV-3 (3 × 10⁵)

54.67 ± 1.47

50.52 ± 2.18

50.00 ± 1.96

48.52 ± 1.97

42.38 ± 2.69

49.33 ± 2.61

Chl

40.67 ± 2.05

36.26 ± 2.14

47.78 ± 2.51

31.85 ± 2.83

35.00 ± 3.45

38.04 ± 3.91

NPV-1+Chl

25.15 ± 2.41

24.44 ± 1.27

47.41 ± 1.77

22.16 ± 1.19

24.93 ± 2.58

29.29 ± 2.56

NPV-2+Chl

2.63 ± 2.18

13.67 ± 2.11

27.96 ± 2.55

6.30 ± 2.63

11.37 ± 3.62

18.54 ± 3.76

NPV-3+Chl

03.11 ± 0.00

4.15 ± 1.87

8.22 ± 1.58

01.00 ± 0.10

2.94 ± 2.35

4.32 ± 2.38

Control

96.41 ± 2.98

97.5 ± 2.37

94.85 ± 2.15

95.07 ± 1.34

87.37 ± 4.63

92.74 ± 4.02

F

257

319

291

366

44

53

Df

7,71

7,71

7,71

7,71

7,71

7,71

P

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01