Table 3 Synergism of insect virus and in combination with botanicals
From: Botanical biopesticide combination concept—a viable option for pest management in organic farming
Combination | Pest targeted | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
SpliNPV + Neemazal-T | S. litura | Increased the infectivity of SpliNPV by 2.9-fold | EI-Salamouny et al. (1997) |
SlNPV 104 PIBs/mL + NSKE (0.25%) + neem oil (0.25%) | S.litura | 100% mortality of all 5 stages of larvae and also adult | Murugan et al. (1999) |
SlNPV + neem oil/NSKE | S. litura | Reduced LC50 value of SlNPV by 1.05 to 1.43/1.03 to 1.33-folds | Muralibaskaran et al. (1999) |
AgseGV + neem @ 10 ppm | A. ipsilon neonate larvae | Decrease of the LC50 value from 3.59 × 107 in the virus alone to 7.11 × 106 capsules/mL | Elnagar et al. (2004) |
HaNPV at 103 PIB/mL + azadirachtin at 0.1 ppm | H. armigera | LT100 for 3rd instar larvae reduced to 72 h (for NPV and AZA, it was 168 and 120 h, respectively). | Kumar et al. (2008) |
PbGV + petroleum-ether extract of neem seed kernel (NSK) | P. brassicae | Maximum reduction of LC50 value (4.39 × 102 occlusion bodies [OBs] mL−1) as compared with PbGV alone (1.85 × 104 OBs mL−1) | Bhandari et al. (2009) |
HaNPV at 500 LE/ha + Neemarin (0.15%) at 700 mL/ha | H. armigera larva on tomato | 86.41% mortality of larva | Kumari (2012) |