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Table 2 Some botanicals and entomopathogenic fungi combinations

From: Botanical biopesticide combination concept—a viable option for pest management in organic farming

Combination

Pest targeted

Effect

Source

P. fumosoroseus + azadirachtin

Whitefly (laboratory bioassay)

20% extra nymphal mortality is observed, but azadirachtin has an inhibitory effect on fungi

James (2003)

B. bassiana + Neemix (4.5% azadirachtin)

Tribolium castaneum

Delays pupation but reduces mortality of pest

Akbar et al. (2005)

P.lilacinus + neem cake/Tagetus erecta extract

Meloidogyne incognita

Reduced root gall index from 5 to 1

Sundraraju and Kiruthika (2009)

B. bassiana + Citrus vulgaris essential oil

Ephestia kuehniella

Highest synergism ratio of 1:20

Shakarami et al. (2015)

L. muscarium (0.8 × 108 conidia/mL) + matrine (0.75 mg/L)

Bemisia tabaci

98.31% mortality

Ali et al. (2017)

B. bassiana + eucalyptus extract

Sitobion avenae

Mortality rate (87%), the lowest fecundity (7 nymphs per female) was recorded

Ali et al. (2018)

M.anisopliae (1 × 106 CFU mL−1 or 1 × 108 CFU mL−1) + pyrethrum (10 ppm)

Bean aphid, Aphis fabae

At 1 × 106 CFU mL−1 survival was reduced by 29.2 h through addition of pyrethrum (from 67.3 h to 35.3 h), and by 10 h at 1 × 108 CFU mL−1

Fernández-Grandon et al. (2020)