Table 1 Effect of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and plant extracts on mortality, pupation, and adult emergence (% ± SE) of 3rd larval instars of Tribolium castaneum
Treatments | Mortality (%) | Pupae inhibition (%) | Adult inhibition (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
B1 | 21.29 ± 2.18 g | 52.87 ± 1.49c | 44.20 ± 1.23b |
B2 | 26.47 ± 2.50 g | 34.43 ± 2.22f | 31.90 ± 0.93 d |
B3 | 32.68 ± 3.26f | 28.75 ± 2.20 h | 25.13 ± 1.11d |
TE | 7.521.73i | 42.12 ± 2.52d | 39.41 ± 2.83c |
EE | 9.89 ± 2.30hi | 40.04 ± 1.89e | 36.96 ± 1.34c |
NE | 14.61 ± 3.22 h | 35.10 ± 2.62f | 30.58 ± 1.63de |
B1 × TE | 15.54 ± 1.12 h | 39.62 ± 2.42 g | 31.08 ± 1.63f |
B1 × EE | 22.18 ± 2.61 g | 33.14 ± 1.92f | 30.08 ± 2.23de |
B1 × NE | 31.15 ± 3.62f | 29.32 ± 2.79f | 26.08 ± 2.50d |
B2 × TE | 38.87 ± 2.93e | 25.51 ± 2.54e | 22.78 ± 1.66c |
B2 × EE | 40.05 ± 1.11d | 30.19 ± 1.85 h | 26.19 ± 1.79f |
B2 × NE | 46.17 ± 1.92 c | 23.65 ± 1.67 g | 19.34 ± 1.39e |
B3 × TE | 50.23 ± 1.19 c | 17.10 ± 1.92d | 18.13 ± 2.13bc |
B3 × EE | 60.35 ± 1.33b | 13.10 ± 1.92d | 10.13 ± 2.13bc |
B3 × NE | 71.32 ± 1.33a | 9.71 ± 2.23b | 4.89 ± 2.63b |
Control | - | 69.81 ± 1.98a | 61.10 ± 2.10a |
F = 234.81, df = 16 | F = 81.52 df = 16 | F = 10.34, df = 16 |