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Table 1 Developmental period (days) of C. brachylobus immatures feeding on immatures of B. tabaci (days)

From: Development, biology, and life table parameters of the predatory species, Clitostethus brachylobus Peng, Ren & Pang 1998 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), when fed on the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)

B. tabaci

C. brachylobus

Egg

1st instar

2nd instar

3rd instar

4th instar

Larva

Pupa

Egg-adult

Eggs

4.41 ± 0.17a

1.43 ± 0.11d

1.79 ± 0.08c

1.84 ± 0.09c

3.92 ± 0.13b

8.98 ± 0.04b

5.02 ± 0.13a

18.41 ± 0.14b

1st nymph

4.43 ± 0.17a

2.14 ± 0.09a

2.31 ± 0.11a

2.54 ± 0.12a

4.20 ± 0.13a

11.19 ± 0.06a

4.54 ± 0.08ab

20.16 ± 0.21a

2nd nymph

4.43 ± 0.16a

2.11 ± 0.10a

2.17 ± 0.10b

2.08 ± 0.11b

4.02 ± 0.17b

10.38 ± 0.07ab

3.97 ± 0.09b

18.78 ± 0.34b

3rd nymph

4.43 ± 0.17a

1.90 ± 0.12b

1.42 ± 0.06d

1.48 ± 0.08de

3.23 ± 0.12c

8.03 ± 0.10c

3.77 ± 0.14b

16.23 ± 0.17cd

4th nymph

4.42 ± 0.11a

1.67 ± 0.07c

1.31 ± 0.09e

1.29 ± 0.09e

3.16 ± 0.11c

7.43 ± 0.07d

3.69 ± 0.11b

15.54 ± 0.19d

Mixed nymph

4.43 ± 0.21a

1.88 ± 0.10b

1.42 ± 0.12d

1.56 ± 0.07d

3.10 ± 0.10c

7.96 ± 0.09c

3.76 ± 0.19b

16.15 ± 0.24cd

Pupa

4.43 ± 0.18a

1.93 ± 0.08b

1.48 ± 0.13d

1.54 ± 0.17d

2.98 ± 0.12d

7.93 ± 0.08c

4.98 ± 0.21a

17.34 ± 0.21c

F, d.f, P

15.23, 6, 0.17

23.21, 6, < 0.0001

19.64, 6, < 0.0001

12.72, 6, < 0.0001

18.23, 6, < 0.0001

32.41, 6, < 0.0001

25.91, 6, < 0.0001

43.62, 6, < 0.0001

  1. Means (± SE) in the same column followed by different letters are significantly different from each other (Tukey’s P < 0.05)