Fig. 9

Suppressive effects of the active extracts in the presence and absence of cotton a Antagonistic potential of the active extract in vitro. CK has white color which shows the high number of mycelia. In contrast, the treated group has a small number of mycelia. b Antagonistic potential of the active extract in the presence of cotton. The number of stem cuttings from which fungus grew was used to determine the extent of fungal colonization (a) CK (b), and (c) 25 and 50 μg ml⁻¹ active extract was poured into the soil. The white arrows indicate leaf defoliation; the black arrows indicate the stems from which the fungi grew