Table 3 Effects of the sub-lethal concentration, LC₃₀ value, of tested bio-and chemical insecticides on the development parameters of Tuta absoluta from 2nd instar larvae to eclosion

Control

6.08^f ± 0.91

6.62^d ± 0.96

0.68^e ± 0.68

98.00^a ± 0.00

0.20^e ± 0.01

0.22^b ± 0.01

Lepinox (Bt)

9.12^c ± 0.20

7.41^bc ± 0.16

29.77^ab ± 0.55

67.33^b ± 3.71

0.25^d ± 0.00

0.27^b ± 0.01

Dipel 2× (Bt)

8.37^d ± 0.11

9.22^a ± 0.33

33.30^a ± 1.43

70.00^b ± 1.15

0.27^cd ± 0.00

0.26^b ± 0.01

Protecto (Bt)

12.72^a ± 0.71

8.02^b ± 0.21

26.94^ab ± 6.02

66.67^b ± 6.67

0.30^ab ± 0.01

0.30^b ± 0.00

Spinosad

7.52^e ± 0.18

7.13^cd ± 0.28

21.39^bc ± 2.9

52.00^cd ± 4.0

0.31^a ± 0.01

0.33^b ± 0.01

Emamectin benzoate

10.44^b ± 0.26

7.84^b ± 0.26

24.45^ab ± 3.17

48.67^d ± 1.76

0.27^cd ± 0.01

0.35^a ± 0.00

Chlorpyrifos

8.3^d ± 0.18

7.45^bc ± 0.16

6.39d^e ± 1.85

93.61^a ± 1.85

0.28^bc ± 0.01

0.28^b ± 0.01

Indoxacarb

8.05^d ± 0.15

6.98^cd ± 0.2

13.93^cd ± 0.97

60.00^bc ± 1.15

0.26^d ± 0.01

0.24^b ± 0.01