Table 2 Toxicity of the tested bio-and chemical insecticides against the early 2nd instar larvae of Tuta absoluta (treated by leaf dipping technique)

Lepinox (Bt)

0.01 × 10⁻² (0.06 × 10⁻³–0.08 × 10^-1)

0.07 × 10⁻² (0.09 × 10⁻³–0.13 × 10⁻¹) = 31085 IU/mg

0.02 (0.03–0.05)

0.70 ± 0.06

Dipel 2× (Bt)

0.09 × 10⁻¹ (0.03 × 10⁻¹–0.20 × 10⁻¹)

0.11 (0.06–0.50) = 203.66 IU/mg

9.89 (8.66–16.14)

0.48 ± 0.05

Protecto (Bt)

0.14 × 10⁻¹ (0.59 × 10⁻²–0.229 × 10⁻¹)

0.10(0.05–0.13) = 224.0 IU/mg

11.79 (3.35–23.77)

0.65 ± 0.06

Spinosad

0.07 × 10⁻² (0.04 × 10⁻³–0.001)

0.002 (0.001–0.004)

0.08 (0.05–0.21)

0.85 ± 0.07

Emamectin benzoate

0.03 × 10⁻¹ (0.01 × 10⁻¹–0.05 × 10⁻¹)

0.009 (0.06 × 10⁻¹–0.12 × 10⁻¹)

0.10 (0.07–0.25)

1.22 ± 0.18

Chlorpyrifos

11.44 (5.7–15.9)

21.30 (13.21–32.78)

97.24 (72.75–272.9)

1.94 ± 0.16

Indoxacarb

0.01 (0.04 × 10⁻¹–0.20 × 10⁻¹)

0.09 (0.05–0.17)

24.87 (10.68–78.19)

0.53 ± 0.04