Table 3 Mean adult emergence (%±SE) of second and fourth larval instars of Spodoptera litura from three different field populations treated with nucleopolyhedrosis virus and emamectin benzoate. (NPV-1 2 × 109 POBs ml−1, NPV-2 3 × 109 POBs ml−1, NPV-3 4 × 109 POBs ml−1, EM 0.1 ppm)
Treatments | Second instar | Fourth instar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FSD | LY | ML | FSD | LY | ML | |
NPV-1 | 68.14 ± 2.34b | 75.55 ± 1.92b | 80.74 ± 2.54b | 74.81 ± 2.48b | 82.96 ± 2.74b | 87.40 ± 2.73ab |
NPV-2 | 57.77 ± 2.48bc | 63.70 ± 1.45c | 71.85 ± 2.19bc | 63.70 ± 2.74c | 71.85 ± 2.94bc | 76.29 ± 1.96b |
NPV-3 | 48.88 ± 1.53cd | 54.81 ± 2.09cd | 62.96 ± 1.95cd | 55.5 ± 1.92cd | 62.22 ± 1.92c | 67.46 ± 1.52bc |
EM | 42.96 ± 1.66d | 51.85 ± 1.48cd | 58.51 ± 1.67cd | 47.40 ± 1.82d | 54.81 ± 1.47de | 62.96 ± 1.74c |
NPV-1 + EM | 25.18 ± 1.17e | 32.59 ± 1.25d | 37.77 ± 1.22d | 31.85 ± 1.15e | 36.29 ± 1.24e | 45.28 ± 1.25d |
NPV-2 + EM | 6.66 ± 0.22 f | 14.81 ± 1.17e | 19.25 ± 1.07e | 12.59 ± 0.54f | 23.70 ± 1.05f | 27.40 ± 1.13e |
NPV-3 + EM | 0.00 ± 0.00 f | 1.48 ± 0.17f | 4.44 ± 0.21f | 0.00 ± 0.00g | 6.66 ± 0.13g | 9.62 ± 0.39f |
Control | 94.07 ± 3.33a | 95.55 ± 3.11a | 96.29 ± 3.17a | 94.81 ± 3.85a | 96.29 ± 3.61a | 97.77 ± 3.11a |