Table 4 Percentage reduction of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, on capsicum plant treated with indigenous and commercial bioformulations under protected cultivation (2017, 2018)

8

14.5 ± 6.0^a

18.5 ± 8.2^c

22.3 ± 8.3^b

26.3 ± 3.1^c

29.4 ± 3.0^d

31.2 ± 5.4^e

40.2 ± 7.9^e

40.4 ± 9.5^e

40.9 ± 12.0^d

10

15.0 ± 9.0^a

19.5 ± 8.0^bc

24.8 ± 8.7^ab

30.0 ± 10.7^bc

33.5 ± 10.0^cd

33.8 ± 7.9^de

42.7 ± 6.4^de

43.2 ± 4.9^de

43.8 ± 6.4^d

12

15.6 ± 5.4^a

23.0 ± 7.3^abc

28.2 ± 6.3^ab

33.6 ± 9.4^abc

35.8 ± 8.8^bcd

37.6 ± 11.1^cde

45.1 ± 8.1^cde

45.8 ± 8.5^de

46.5 ± 9.7^d

8

21.9 ± 5.2^a

27.3 ± 3.8^abc

31.3 ± 4.4^ab

34.7 ± 5.4^abc

41.6 ± 1.2^abcd

47.3 ± 0.5^abcde

55.3 ± 1.2^abcde

56.3 ± 4.0^abcde

57.2 ± 0.9^abcd

10

23.0 ± 4.0^a

29.0 ± 2.0^abc

33.7 ± 2.6^ab

40.8 ± 3.8^abc

46.8 ± 1.8^abc

51.4 ± 0.6^abc

58.3 ± 1.5^abcd

61.2 ± 3.2^abcd

60.0 ± 4.8^abcd

12

26.6 ± 7.4^a

31.0 ± 6.4^abc

35.9 ± 5.4^ab

44.4 ± 2.7^abc

49.0 ± 3.6^ab

53.1 ± 2.5^abc

60.3 ± 3.0^abcd

61.8 ± 3.8^abcd

61.6 ± 4.7^abcd

8

16.1 ± 2.1^a

20.4 ± 4.8^abc

22.8 ± 5.8^b

30.9 ± 2.5^bc

35.4 ± 2.6^bcd

38.6 ± 3.3^bcde

47.2 ± 4.0^bcde

47.9 ± 3.9^cde

48.6 ± 5.4^cd

10

16.5 ± 5.0^a

21.3 ± 3.4^abc

24.2 ± 2.4^ab

31.8 ± 2.6^abc

36.8 ± 3.6^bcd

39.6 ± 7.1^bcde

48.6 ± 6.3^bcde

49.3 ± 2.7^bcde

50.2 ± 5.1^bcd

12

16.9 ± 8.6^a

22.7 ± 7.2^abc

25.9 ± 6.0^ab

34.1 ± 11.5^abc

40.0 ± 9.3^bcd

43.1 ± 11.8^abcde

51.6 ± 12.7^bcde

51.1 ± 12.8^bcde

52.0 ± 11.8^bcd

8

15.5 ± 3.5^a

19.6 ± 6.5^c

23.2 ± 6.6^b

30.7 ± 2.7^bc

34.8 ± 3.6^cd

40.0 ± 3.5^bcde

47.4 ± 0.7^bcde

45.0 ± 1.9^de

45.4 ± 3.0^d

10

16.0 ± 2.1^a

21.0 ± 0.5^abc

24.9 ± 3.5^ab

32.5 ± 2.6^abc

36.0 ± 4.0^bcd

40.9 ± 3.8^abcde

48.6 ± 6.0^bcde

46.5 ± 10.3^de

47.4 ± 11.0^cd

12

16.4 ± 3.3^a

21.0 ± 4.2^abc

25.2 ± 4.4^ab

33.3 ± 6.9^abc

37.9 ± 4.5^bcd

41.2 ± 5.1^abcde

50.0 ± 5.8^bcde

47.8 ± 4.7^cde

48.7 ± 4.6^cd

8

19.3 ± 4.4^a

26.0 ± 4.2^abc

30.0 ± 4.9^ab

33.4 ± 6.7^abc

40.2 ± 2.4^abcd

45.9 ± 1.4^abcde

54.0 ± 1.1^abcde

54.8 ± 2.8^bcde

55.8 ± 2.0^abcd

10

20.1 ± 3.8^a

27.3 ± 2.6^abc

32.3 ± 2.7^ab

39.4 ± 5.3^abc

45.5 ± 3.4^abcd

50.0 ± 1.1^abcd

57.0 ± 1.8^abcde

56.7 ± 4.5^abcde

57.0 ± 7.0^abcd

12

22.6 ± 6.2^a

29.7 ± 6.2^abc

34.6 ± 5.4^ab

41.6 ± 0.7^abc

46.2 ± 2.4^abc

51.6 ± 1.5^abc

59.0 ± 4.1^abcd

58.9 ± 0.9^abcde

60.1 ± 5.7^abcd

4

27.6 ± 2.4^a

32.2 ± 1.2^abc

37.1 ± 1.8^ab

46.0 ± 2.7^abc

49.3 ± 2.4^ab

52.4 ± 1.4^abc

62.1 ± 2.8^abc

65.4 ± 0.7^abc

68.5 ± 2.0^abc

5

30.9 ± 8.3^a

36.6 ± 6.5^ab

40.0 ± 7.0^ab

47.0 ± 6.5^ab

51.6 ± 4.1^ab

56.0 ± 4.2^ab

63.8 ± 3.7^ab

67.1 ± 1.1^ab

71.0 ± 1.6^ab

4

32.3 ± 4.9^a

38.3 ± 3.3^a

42.2 ± 4.4^a

50.7 ± 3.6^a

55.5 ± 3.1^a

58.6 ± 2.1^a

70.4 ± 2.2^a

73.2 ± 0.3^a

78.2 ± 2.8^a

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.8

2.5

0.40

0.22

0.20

0.14

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01