Table 1 Population dynamics of aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on capsicum plant treated with indigenous and commercial bioformulations under protected cultivation (2017, 2018)

8

39.3 ± 0.4 ^a

36.0 ± 0.6^c

34.3 ± 0.6^e

33.6 ± 0.9^d

31.2 ± 1.2^c

29.5 ± 1.5^c

28.5 ± 1.7^e

26.0 ± 2.5^e

24.7 ± 2.7^e

23.7 ± 2.4^e

42.1 ± 1.1^cd

10

39.8 ± 1.4^a

35.8 ± 0.2^bc

34.3 ± 0.2^e

33.6 ± 0.4^d

31.2 ± 0.4^c

29.3 ± 0.4^c

28.2 ± 0.6^de

25.7 ± 0.7^e

24.5 ± 1.0^e

23.5 ± 1.1^e

42.4 ± 0.9^bcd

12

40.0 ± 2.2^a

35.5 ± 1.3^bc

34.0 ± 1.1^e

33.3 ± 0.9^d

30.7 ± 0.8^c

29.0 ± 0.8^c

28.0 ± 1.0^de

25.5 ± 1.7^e

24.2 ± 1.9^de

23.0 ± 1.7^de

42.8 ± 0.9^bcd

8

38.9 ± 0.6^a

33.7 ± 2.1^abc

31.5 ± 2.5^bcd

30.2 ± 2.4^bcd

26.7 ± 3.9^bc

24.3 ± 4.5^abc

22.3 ± 4.3^abcde

18.2 ± 3.5^abcd

16.0 ± 4.0^abcd

15.2 ± 3.6^bcde

42.6 ± 0.6^bcd

10

38.4 ± 1.5^a

32.7 ± 2.2^abc

30.8 ± 2.3^abcd

29.5 ± 2.2^bcd

26.2 ± 3.2^abc

23.7 ± 3.7^abc

21.7 ± 3.7^abcde

17.7 ± 3.2^abcd

15.5 ± 3.8^abc

14.7 ± 4.5^abcd

42.9 ± 1.1^bcd

12

38.7 ± 0.9^a

32.5 ± 2.5^abc

30.2 ± 3.3^abcd

29.0 ± 3.5^abcd

25.7 ± 3.5^abc

23.2 ± 3.7^abc

21.2 ± 3.2^abcd

16.8 ± 3.2^abcd

15.0 ± 3.7^abc

14.3 ± 4.9^abc

43.3 ± 0.7^bcd

8

40.3 ± 0.5^a

35.5 ± 0.9^bc

33.5 ± 0.9^cd

32.3 ± 0.9^cd

28.8 ± 1.3^bc

27.0 ± 1.7^bc

25.7 ± 1.4^cde

21.7 ± 1.2^de

19.5 ± 1.3^bcde

18.2 ± 1.2^cde

41.9 ± 0.2^cd

10

39.5 ± 0.9^a

34.3 ± 0.4^bc

32.3 ± 0.7^bcd

31.2 ± 0.7^bcd

27.7 ± 1.8^bc

25.8 ± 1.9^bc

24.5 ± 1.75^bcde

20.7 ± 1.4^bcde

18.5 ± 1.5^bcde

17.2 ± 1.6^bcde

42.5 ± 2.8^bcd

12

39.5 ± 2.2^a

34.0 ± 1.7^abc

31.8 ± 1.6^bcd

30.7 ± 1.2^bcd

27.3 ± 2.0^bc

25.5 ± 2.0^bc

24.2 ± 2.04^bcde

20.3 ± 1.9^bcde

18.2 ± 2.2^bcde

16.8 ± 2.0^bcde

42.4 ± 2.1^bcd

8

40.8 ± 1.9^a

36.0 ± 1.3^c

33.8 ± 0.9^cd

32.5 ± 0.8^d

29.0 ± 1.0^bc

26.8 ± 0.4^bc

25.3 ± 0.6^cde

22.0 ± 1.6^de

20.0 ± 2.1^cde

19.0 ± 2.4^cde

42.3 ± 0.8^bcd

10

40.2 ± 2.1^a

35.2 ± 2.1^bc

32.8 ± 2.2^bcd

31.5 ± 2.2^bcd

28.0 ± 2.1^bc

25.8 ± 2.2^bc

24.3 ± 2.4^bcde

20.8 ± 2.7^cde

18.8 ± 2.8^bcde

17.8 ± 2.8^bcde

42.2 ± 2.2^bcd

12

39.8 ± 0.7^a

34.2 ± 1.6^abc

32.0 ± 1.5^bcd

30.7 ± 1.6^bcd

27.0 ± 1.2^bc

24.8 ± 1.4^bc

23.3 ± 1.4^bcde

19.8 ± 0.7^bcde

17.7 ± 0.6^bcde

17.0 ± 0.9^bcde

42.6 ± 1.3^bcd

8

39.1 ± 1.0^a

33.7 ± 0.7^abc

31.8 ± 0.3^bcd

30.7 ± 0.4^bcd

26.5 ± 0.8^abc

24.2 ± 0.7^abc

22.8 ± 1.0^abcde

18.7 ± 0.9^bcd

16.7 ± 1.7^abcde

16.0 ± 1.5^bcde

42.3 ± 1.1^bcd

10

39.2 ± 2.6^a

33.3 ± 1.6^abc

31.5 ± 1.7^bcd

30.2 ± 1.9^bcd

26.0 ± 3.0^abc

23.5 ± 3.0^abc

22.3 ± 3.1^abcde

18.0 ± 3.0^abcd

16.0 ± 4.1^abcd

15.5 ± 3.3^bcde

43.1 ± 1.0^bcd

12

39.0 ± 1.0^a

33.0 ± 1.2^abc

31.0 ± 1.5^bcd

29.8 ± 1.6^bcd

25.5 ± 1.3^abc

23.0 ± 2.0^abc

21.8 ± 1.8^abcde

17.7 ± 2.2^abcd

15.8 ± 3.1^abcd

15.2 ± 2.7^bcde

42.9 ± 1.0^bcd

4

38.3 ± 1.5^a

30.8 ± 1.3^abc

28.5 ± 1.0^abc

27.0 ± 1.2^abc

23.2 ± 1.0^ab

20.3 ± 0.7^ab

18.7 ± 0.7^abc

14.3 ± 0.7^abc

12.2 ± 0.3^abc

10.7 ± 0.4^abc

46.2 ± 2.0^abc

5

38.8 ± 1.4^a

30.7 ± 1.1^ab

27.8 ± 0.9^ab

26.5 ± 1.1^ab

22.7 ± 1.6^ab

19.8 ± 1.2^ab

18.2 ± 1.1^ab

13.8 ± 1.2^ab

11.5 ± 1.0^ab

9.5 ± 0.8^ab

47.1 ± 1.6^ab

4

38.3 ± 1.2^a

29.2 ± 0.7^a

25.8 ± 1.0^a

24.2 ± 0.9^a

19.8 ± 1.0^a

17.2 ± 0.7^a

16.0 ± 0.3^a

11.7 ± 0.4^a

9.3 ± 0.4^a

6.7 ± 0.8^a

49.4 ± 0.8^a

37.6 ± 3.6^a

41.1 ± 2.2^d

39.3 ± 2.0^f

39.3 ± 1.6^e

39.0 ± 2.6^d

37.0 ± 2.2^d

37.5 ± 1.0^f

37.2 ± 1.9^f

37.2 ± 3.0^f

36.3 ± 3.2^f

39.8 ± 2.0^d

0.23

2.9

3.3

4.0

3.8

3.8

5.0

7.5

6.2

6.3

2.2

1.00

0.03

< 0.01

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0 .001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0 .001

0.022