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Table 3 Percent pupation and percent adult emergence (mean ± SE, n = 5) of 2nd instar Pectinophora gossypiella larvae due to Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae concentrations and Azadirachta indica extract (alone and in combination). Means sharing with same lower case letters are not significantly different from each other at 0.05 level of significance, i.e., P < 0.05

From: Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi and Azadirachta indica extract against the cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled conditions

Treatments

Percent pupation

Percent adult emergence

Bb1

80.67 ± 2.08ab

57.33 ± 2.80bc

Bb2

77.33 ± 2.18abc

54.67 ± 2.24bcd

Vl1

64.67 ± 2.61cd

41.33 ± 2.24de

Vl2

74.00 ± 3.11bc

47.33 ± 2.88cde

Ma1

54.00 ± 3.03d

32.67 ± 2.34ef

Ma2

57.33 ± 3.87d

34.00 ± 3.25e

AI

87.33 ± 1.73ab

64.67 ± 3.08b

Bb2 + AI

27.33 ± 1.73e

18.00 ± 2.34fg

Vl2 + AI

14.00 ± 1.28ef

7.33 ± 0.87gh

Ma2 + AI

24.67 ± 1.38e

14.67 ± 1.38gh

Bb2 + Vl2 + Ma2 + AI

0.00 ± 0.00f

0.00 ± 0.00h

Control

90.67 ± 1.28a

84.00 ± 2.47a

  1. Bb1 Beauveria bassiana (1 × 106 conidia ml−1), Bb2 Beauveria bassiana (1 × 108 conidia ml−1), Vl1 Verticillium lecanii (1 × 106 conidia ml−1), Vl2 Verticillium lecanii (1 × 108 conidia ml−1), Ma1 Metarhizium anisopliae (1 × 106 conidia ml−1), Ma2 Metarhizium anisopliae (1 × 108 conidia ml−1), AI Azadirachta indica extract