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Table 2 Date of first use by EPPO area, reported by EPPO for Morocco, and date of first report and/or use in Moroccan citrus groves, related to introduced benefit species in citrus groves in Morocco

From: Beneficial insect community of Moroccan citrus groves: assessment of their potential to enhance biocontrol services

Species

Origin

Nature

Family

Date of first use by EPPO area

Release reported by EPPO for Morocco

Date of first report/use in Moroccan citrus groves

First references

Aphytis lepidosaphes (Compere, 1955)

China

Par

Aphelinidae

1956

No

?/No

EPPO

Aphytis lingnanensis (Compere, 1955)

Est Asie-Chine (via Calfornie)

Par

Aphelinidae

1960

Yes

1965/No

(Euverte 1967), (Benassy and Euverte 1967a, Bénassy and Euverte 1968a)

Aphytis melinus (DeBach, 1959)

India-Pakistan

Par

Aphelinidae

1962 (probably 1961)

Yes

1961/Yes

(Euverte 1967), (Bénassy and Euverte 1967a, Bénassy and Euverte 1968a)

Cales noacki (Howard, 1907)

Chile

Par

Aphelinidae

1970

Yes

1970/Yes

(Abbassi 1974, 1975b)

Encarsia lahorensis (Howard, 1911)

India/Pakistan

Par

Aphelinidae

1973

No

1973/Yes

(Orlinski and Bassova 1996)

Eretmocerus debachi (Rose and Rosen, 1992)

Japan- North America

Par

Aphelinidae

1982

No

1992/Yes

(Abbassi and Lakhlifi 1994)

Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880)

Cuba

Par

Braconidae

1990

Yes

2002/No

(EPPO 2002)

Ageniaspis citricola (Logvinovskaya, 1983)

Thailand (Florida)

Par

Encyrtidae

1994

Yes

1995/Yes

(FAO 1996)

(Abbassi et al. 1997), (Rizqi et al. 1997b)

Comperiella bifasciata (Howard, 1906)

South China (via Califournie)

Par

Encyrtidae

1924

Yes

?/No

(Abbassi 1990), (Noyes and Hayat 1994)

Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard, 1885)

Neotropique Brasil

Par

Encyrtidae

1992

Yes

1997?/No

(Noyes and Hayat 1994), (Abdelkhalek et al. 1998)

Metaphycus flavus (Howard, 1881)

-

Par

Encyrtidae

1999

No

2004/ ?

(OILB 1971),

Metaphycus helvolus (Compere, 1926)

South Africa

Par

Encyrtidae

1992

 

?

(Noyes and Hayat 1994)

Cirrospilus ingenuus (Gahan, 1932)

South East Asia (via Australie)

Par

Eulophidae

No

No

1996/Yes

(FAO 1996), (Rizqi et al. 2003)

Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayan, 1960)

South China (via Espagne)

Par

Eulophidae

No

No

1999/Yes

(Smaili et al. 2001b); (Rizqi et al. 2003)

Quadrastichus citrella (Reina and LaSalle 2004)

South Asia (viaEspagne

Par

Eulophidae

No

No

1997/Yes

(Smaili et al. 2001b); (Rizqi et al. 2003), (Reina and LaSalle 2004)

Semielacher petiolatus (Girault, 1915)

Australia

Par

Eulophidae

No

No

1996/Yes

(FAO 1996), (Rizqi et al. 1997a)

Amitus spiniferus (Brethes, 1914)

Peru

Par

Platygasteridae

1971

No

1975/Yes

Abbassi, Com. per.

(Smaili et al. 2013);

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)

Spain

Par

Braconidae

No

No

2016/No

(Mazih et al. 2016)

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954)

S No Amérique /California -Méditerranée

Pred

Phytoseiidae

1985

No

2009(< 2007 in Morocco /Yes

(Kreiter et al. 2007),

(Smaili et al. 2013)

Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot, 1962)

-

Pred

Phytoseiidae

  

2014 (< 2014 in Morocco) /Yes

(Smaili 2017)

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant, 1853)

Australie

Pred

Coccinellidae

1908

Yes

1933/Yes

(Smirnoff 1956)

Delphastus catalinae (Horn, 1895)

Nearctic/Neotropique (America)

Pred

Coccinellidae

1993

No

2011/No

(Smaili et al. 2013)

Exochomus nigropictus (Fairmaire, 1876)

-

Pred

Coccinellidae

No

No

2010/No

(Smaili et al. 2010a, Smaili et al. 2013)

Hyperaspis algirica (Crotch, 1874)

-

Pred

Coccinellidae

No

No

2002/No

(Smaili et al. 2010a, Smaili et al. 2013)

Hyperaspis pumila (Mulsant, 1987)

-

Pred

Coccinellidae

No

No

2002/No

(Smaili et al. 2006, Smaili et al. 2010a, Smaili et al. 2013)

Nephus peyerimhoffi (Sicard, 1923)

-

Pred

Coccinellidae

No

No

2011/No

(Smaili et al. 2013)

Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant, 1850)

Australia

Pred

Coccinellidae

1897

yes

1921/Yes

(Smirnoff 1956)

(Smaili et al., 2010a, 2013)

Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell, 1892)

Australia

Pred

Coccinellidae

1980

yes

1944/Yes

(Smirnoff 1956)

Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer, 1776)

Europe

Pred

Syrphidae

1995

yes

-/No

(Dirickx 1994),

(Smaili et al. 2009)

  1. Para parasitoid; Pred. predator