Table 1 Date of first use by EPPO area, reported by EPPO for Morocco and date of first report and/or use in Moroccan citrus groves, related to native benefit species in citrus groves in Morocco
Species | Nature | Family | Date of first use by EPPO area | Reported by EPPO for Morocco | Date of first report /use in Moroccan citrus groves | First references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ablerus (Azotus) chrysomphali (Ghesquière 1960) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1950/No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Ghesquière 1960), (Bénassy and Euverte 1968a, 1968b) |
Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet, 1912) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1956/No | |
Aphytis hispanicus (Mercet, 1912) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | ? /No | |
Coccophagus semicircularis (Forster, 1841) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1929/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker, 1839) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1949/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman, 1825) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1929/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Encarsia citrina (Crawford, 1891) | Par | Aphelinidae | 1984 | Yes | ? /No | (Thompson 1953) |
Encarsia sp. | Par | Aphelinidae | /No | (Smaili et al. 2013) | ||
Encarsia sophia (Girault and Dodd, 1915) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1992/No | (Abbassi and Lakhlifi 1994) |
Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese and Paoli, 1918) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | No | 1948/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Marietta leopardina (Motschulsky, 1863) | Par | Aphelinidae | No | /No | (Ghesquiere 1960), (Benassy and Euverte 1967) , (Hayat 1986) | |
Aphidius ervi (Haliday, 1834) | Par | Braconidae | 1995 | Yes | ? /No | (Stary and Sekkat 1987) |
Aphidius sp.probably Aphidius colemani (Viereck) | Par | Braconidae | No | No | ? /No | |
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896) | Par | Braconidae | No | No | ? /No | (Stary and Sekkat 1987) |
Microgaster sp1. (Latreille, 1804) | Par | Braconidae | /No | (Delucchi and Merle 1962) | ||
Microgaster sp.2 (Latreille, 1804) | Par | Braconidae | /No | (Delucchi and Merle 1962) | ||
Psyttalia concolor (Szepligeti, 1910) | Par | Braconidae | 1914 | No | ? /No | (Malausa et al. 2008) |
Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault, 1915) | Par | Encyrtidae | 1995 | Yes | ? /No | (Smaili et al. 2013), Rizqi and Bihi Com. pers. |
Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Girault, 1915) | Par | Encyrtidae | No | No | ? /No | (Smaili et al. 2013) Rizqi and Bihi Com. Pers. |
Habrolepis diaspidi (Risbec, 1951) | Par | Encyrtidae | No | No | 1965/No | (Compere and Annecke 1961), (Delucchi and Traboulsi 1965), (Benassy and Euverte 1967) |
Habrolepis dalmanni (Westwood, 1837) | Par | Encyrtidae | No | No | 1950/No | |
Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault, 1915) | Par | Encyrtidae | 1984 | Yes | ? /No | (OILB 1971), (Noyes and Hayat 1994), Abdelkhalek et al. (1998) |
Elachertus affinis (Masi, 1911) (syn. Artaeus Walker) | Par | Eulophidae | ? | /No | (Delucchi and Merle 1962) | |
Cirrospilus pictus (Nees, 1834) | Par | Eulophidae | No | No | /No | FAO (1996), (Smaili et al. 1999b) |
Cirrospilus vittatus (Walker, 1838) | Par | Eulophidae | No | No | /No | (FAO 1996) |
Pnigalio sp. | Par | Eulophidae | No | No | /No | (FAO 1996) |
Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot, 1958) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | No | No | ? /No | (Meyerdirk and Coudriet 1986), (McMurtry and Bounfour 1989) |
Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot, 1960) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | No | No | ? /No | (Bounfour and McMurtry 1987) |
Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese, 1889) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | 1993 | No | 1981/No | (McMurtry and Bounfour 1989) |
Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot, 1957) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | 1968 | no | ? /No | (McMurtry and Bounfour 1989) |
Typhlodromus phialatus (Athias-Henriot, 1960) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | No | No | 1989 /No | (McMurtry and Bounfour 1989) |
Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1957) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | No | No | 2003 /No | (Tixier 2013) |
Typhlodromus foenilis (Oudemans, 1930) | Pred | Phytoseiidae | No | No | 2013 /No | |
Harpalus sp. | Pred | Carabidae | No | No | 2009/No | |
Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) | Pred | Carabidae | No | No | 2009/No | (Smaili 2009), (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Cicindella sp. | Pred | Cicindellidae | No | No | 2009/No | (Smaili et al. 2009) |
Adalia decempunctata (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1931/No | (Smirnoff 1956), |
Adalia bipunctata (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | Yes | Yes | ? /No | (Smaili et al. 2006, Smaili et al. 2010a, Smaili et al. 2013) |
Chilocorus bipustulatus (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | 1959 | Oui | 1954/Yes* | |
Clitosthetus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1931/No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Abbassi 1990) |
Coccinella septempunctata (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | 1980 | Yes | 1929/No | (Smirnoff 1956), |
Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1933/No | (Smirnoff 1956), |
Exochomus quadripustulatus (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1949/No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1956/No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) | Pred | Coccinellidae | no | no | 1931/No | (Smirnoff 1956) (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Hyperaspis reppensis (Herbst, 1783) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1953/No | |
Nephus ulbrichi (Fursch, 1977) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1949/No | (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Oenopia conglobata (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 2010 (1956 in Morocco) /No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Oenopia doublieri (Mulsant, 1846) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1953/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Platynaspis luteorubra (Goeze, 1777) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1933/No | (Smirnoff 1956) (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Pharoscymnus setulosus (Chevrolat, 1861) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 2011 (1952 in Morocco) /No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L., 1758) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 2007/No | |
Rhyzobius chrysomeloides (Herbst, 1792) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | Before 1990/No | (Abbassi 1990) |
Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius, 1787) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1956/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Scymnus apetzi (Mulsant, 1846) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1930/No | (Smirnoff 1956), |
Scymniscus biguttatus (Mulsant, 1850) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1956/No | (Smirnoff 1956), (Smaili et al. 2013) |
Scymnus levaillanti (Mulsant, 1850) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1951/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1931/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Scymnus marinus (Mulsant, 1850) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1951/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Stethorus punctillum (Weise, 1891) | Pred | Coccinellidae | 1995 | Yes | ? /No | |
Scymnus sp.1 | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 2007/No | |
Scymnus sp.2; probablyScymnus rufipes (Fabricius, 1798) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 2008/No | |
Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze, 1777) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1931/No | (Smirnoff 1956), |
Scymnus suturalis (Thunberg, 1795) | Pred | Coccinellidae | No | No | 1927/No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Cybocephalus sp. | Pred | Nitidulidae | No | No | 1956 /No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Cybocephalus rabaticus (Smirnoff 1956) | Pred | Nitidulidae | No | No | 1952/No | |
Aphidoletes Aphidimyza (Rondani, 1847) | Pred | Cecidomyiidae | 1985 | Yes | ? /No | ? |
Leucopis griseola (Fallén, 1823) | Pred | Chamaemyiidae | No | No | 1956 /No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Simosyrphus sp. | Pred | Syrphidae | No | No | 1956 /No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Anthocoris sp. | Pred | Anthocoridae | No | No | 1956 /No | (Smaili 2009) |
Orius sp. | Pred | Anthocoridae | No | No | ? /No | (Smaili 2009) |
Cardiastethus nazarenus (Reuter, 1884) | Pred | Anthocoridae | No | No | 1956 /No | (Smirnoff 1956) |
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) | Pred | Chrysopidae | 1987 | Yes | ? /No | ? |
Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis, 1834) | Pred | Coniopterigidae | No | No | ? /No | (Smaili 2009, 2013) |
Aeolothrips sp. | Pred | Aeolothripidae | No | No | ? /No | ? |
Franklinothrips sp. | Pred | Aeolothripidae | No | No | ? /No | Personal observation |