|
Treatments
| |
Surveyed diseases (%)(c)
|
|---|
|
Root rot and damping- off(b)
|
Stalk rot
|
Gray leaf spot
|
Late wilt
|
Ear rot
|
|---|
|
Cu- chitosan NPs
|
6 Ps + 4Tr(a)
|
1.7 ± 0.3(d) d
|
3.0 ± 0.3 e
|
9.2 ± 0.4 d
|
7.6 ± 0.3 f
|
6.9 ± 0.3 g
|
|
7 Ps + 3 Tr
|
1.4 ± 0.2 d
|
3.0 ± 0.2e
|
8.4 ± 0.2 e
|
7.6 ± 0.2 f
|
8.5 ± 0.7 h
|
|
8 Ps + 2 Tr
|
1.2 ± 0.2d
|
2.3 ± 0.1f
|
6.9 ± 0.3 f
|
6.9 ± 0.3 g
|
7.6 ± 0.2 i
|
|
Mean
|
1.4
|
2.7
|
8.1
|
7.3
|
8.5
|
|
Free of
|
6 Ps + 4 Tr
|
2.2 ± 0.4 c
|
4.6 ± 0.2 d
|
10.7 ± 1.0 c
|
11.5 ± 0.7 d
|
12.0 ± 0.4 d
|
|
NPs
|
7 Ps + 3 Tr
|
2.1 ± 0.3 c
|
4.6 ± 0.2 d
|
10.0 ± 0.8 c
|
10.7 ± 0.4 d
|
11.3 ± 0.6 e
|
|
8 Ps + 2 Tr
|
1.8 ± 0.4 d
|
3.8 ± 0.2 e
|
9.2 ± 0.4 d
|
9.2 ± 0.2 e
|
10.7 ± 0.9 f
|
|
Mean
|
2.0
|
4.3
|
9.9
|
10.4
|
11.3
|
|
Chitosan
|
2.4 ± 1.2 c
|
5.3 ± 0.2 c
|
11.5 ± 0.7 b
|
12.3 ± 0.1 c
|
13.8 ± 0.6 c
|
|
Rizolex-50 WP
|
3.2 ± 0.4 b
|
6.3 ± 0.1 b
|
12.8 ± 0.4 a
|
12.2 ± 0.4 b
|
14.6 ± 0.4 b
|
|
Control
|
8.5 ± 0.3 a
|
8.6 ± 0.5 a
|
12.8 ± 1.2 a
|
13.8 ± 0.2 a
|
15.3 ± 0.3 a
|
- (a)Ps Psedumonus fluorescence, Tr Trichoderma harzianum
- (b)Mean values of root-rot and damping-off diseases incidence calculated up to 30 days of sowing as follows: disease incidence no. of infected plants/no. of sown grains X 100
- (c)The percentage of each disease incidence was calculated as follows:
- disease incidence no. of infected plants/no. of total plants X 100
- (d)Means ± standard deviations within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Duncan multiple range test at P < 0.05
