Evaluation of a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate-based formulation against the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 3 Mean percentage of infested tomato fruits by Helicoverpa armigera larvae during greenhouse experiments. Values represent mean per cent attacked tomato fruits ± standard error (n = 5)

Control periods	Rain simulation	Control	Water	Spinosad	Hr1	Formulation
2	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	1 ± 0.32^b	0 ± 0^a	0 ± 0^a	0 ± 0^a
2	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	1 ± 0.32^b'	0 ± 0^a'	0 ± 0^a'	0 ± 0^a'
3	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	2.5 ± 0.5^b	0 ± 0^a	0 ± 0^a	0 ± 0^a
3	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	2.5 ± 0.5^b'	0 ± 0^a'	0 ± 0^a'	0 ± 0^a'
4	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	3 ± 0.71^b	0 ± 0^a	2 ± 0.71^b	2 ± 0.45^b
4	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	3 ± 0.71^b'	0 ± 0^a'	3 ± 0.32^b'	2.5 ± 0.22^b'
5	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	4 ± 0.63^c	0 ± 0^a	3 ± 0.58^b	2.5 ± 0.22^b
5	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	3.5 ± 0.5^b'c'	2.5 ± 0.37^b'	4 ± 0.32^c'	3 ± 0.32^b'c'
6	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	10.5 ± 0.43^c	0 ± 0^a	3.5 ± 0.37^b	3 ± 0.32^b
6	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	4.5 ± 0.31^c'	3 ± 0.49^b'	4 ± 0.32^c'	3 ± 0.32^b'
7	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	20 ± 0.71^d	0 ± 0^a	5 ± 0.45^c	3.5 ± 0.22^b
7	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	20 ± 0.71^d'	3 ± 0.49^b'	5 ± 0.32^c'	3.5 ± 0.22^b'
8	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	31.5 ± 0.54^d	0 ± 0^a	5 ± 0.45^c	3.5 ± 0.22^b
8	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	32 ± 0.71^d'	3 ± 0.49^b'	12 ± 0.89^c'	3.5 ± 0.22^b'
9	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	35 ± 0.71^d	0 ± 0^a	5 ± 0.45^c	3.5 ± 0.22^b
9	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	40 ± 0.71^d'	3 ± 0.49^b'	19.5 ± 0.66^c'	4 ± 0.32^b'
10	Unwashed	0 ± 0^a	39 ± 0.45^d	0 ± 0^a	5 ± 0.45^c	3.5 ± 0.22^b
10	Washed	0 ± 0^a'	41 ± 0.58^d'	3 ± 0.49^b'	19.5 ± 0.66^c'	4 ± 0.32^b'

For each control period and rain simulation, similar alphabetic letters are not significantly different (ANOVA; P ≤ 0.05)