Factors affecting success of biological agents used in controlling the plant-parasitic nematodes

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 2 Key commercially available bionematicides and chemical nematicides, their applications rates, and prices in Egypt

Active ingredient	Product name	Application rate (product/units ha⁻¹)⁺	Price per feddan
10⁹ CFU/ml of Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Azotobacter sp., Bacillus circulans, and B. thuringiensis	Micronema	30 L/feddan (thrice)/year	L.E. 600
10⁸ units/ml P. lilacinus	Bio-nematon	2 L/feddan/year	L.E. 500
10⁹ bacterium cells of Serratia marcescens/ml water	Nemaless	10 L/feddan (thrice)/year	L.E. 600
Cadusafos (O-ethyl S,S-bis (1-methylpropyl) phosphorodithioate)	Rugby 10 G	24 kg/feddan	L.E. 6480
Oxamyl (methyl 2-(dimethylamino)-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)-2 oxoethanimidothioate)	Vydate 24% SL	4 L/feddan (twice)/year	L.E. 2800

There are broad host range claims by the manufacturer’s product labels which have not necessarily been confirmed in independent trials
⁺Figures given for comparative purposes when products are uniformly applied to citrus soil (except oxamyl for foliar application too). For some products and other, including low-value crops, product may be incorporated into field soil, potting mix, or applied in greenhouses for which different rates apply (Wilson and Jackson 2013; Hammam et al. 2016)