Table 3 Effect of orange oil concentrations on certain reproductive biology of Spodoptera littoralis treated as second instar larvae
Concentration (%) | (Avg.) Larval duration | (%) Pupation | (%) Malform-ation | (Avg.) Pupal duration | (%) Adult emergence | (Avg.) adult longevity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 | 20.4 d | 85.0 a | 1.0 c | 14.6 a | 85.8 a | 10.2 ab |
1.0 | 27.4 b | 84.1 a | 1.2 c | 15.2 a | 86.2 a | 9.8 b |
2.0 | 29.3 bc | 84.0 a | 1.4 c | 14.8 a | 85.6 a | 9.8 b |
3.0 | 26.9 bc | 80.2 b | 1.8 c | 15.0 a | 81.0 b | 10.3 ab |
4.0 | 28.0 c | 76.6 c | 6.8 b | 14.4 a | 80.8 b | 11.2 a |
5.0 | 34.0 a | 70.2 d | 9.4 a | 16.2 a | 75.4 c | 11.4 a |
LSD | 1.99 | 2.52 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 2.24 | 0.968 |
P | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0345 | 0.000 | 0.0001 |