Table 4 Age-stage, two-sex life table parameters of H. hebetor on H. armigera reared on six tomato cultivars with four nitrogen levels

R₀ offspring/female/individual

n0

11.04 ± 1.28Aa

10.14 ± 1.24Aa

9.960 ± 1.93Aa

9.721 ± 1.13Aa

10.36 ± 0.96Aa

9.500 ± 1.94Aa

n-

11.61 ± 1.56Aa

10.92 ± 1.61Aa

10.06 ± 1.92Aa

10.09 ± 1.46Aa

11.01 ± 1.44Aa

10.48 ± 1.48Aa

ns

12.14 ± 2.55Aa

11.78 ± 1.90Aa

10.32 ± 1.31Aa

10.12 ± 1.55Aa

11.16 ± 1.76Aa

10.68 ± 1.53Aa

n+

12.34 ± 2.83Aa

12.16 ± 1.73Aa

10.30 ± 1.41Aa

10.21 ± 1.81Aa

12.21 ± 1.83Aa

11.80 ± 1.63Aa

r _(day^− 1₎

n0

0.1134 ± 0.01Ab

0.1093 ± 0.01Ab

0.1058 ± 0.014Aa

0.1112 ± 0.065Aa

0.1103 ± 0.006Ab

0.1110 ± 0.014Ab

n-

0.1438 ± 0.01Aa

0.1366 ± 0.012Aa

0.1186 ± 0.138Aa

0.1263 ± 0.013Aa

0.1390 ± 0.016Aa

0.1331 ± 0.012Aa

ns

0.1491 ± 0.01Aa

0.1390 ± 0.011Aa

0.1273 ± 0.012Aa

0.1318 ± 0.128Aa

0.1466 ± 0.013Aa

0.1357 ± 0.012Aa

n+

0.1515 ± 0.01Aa

0.1450 ± 0.010Aa

0.1352 ± 0.122Aa

0.1374 ± 0.018Aa

0.1487 ± 0.114Aa

0.1411 ± 0.009Aa

T (day)

n0

17.62 ± 0.20Aa

17.86 ± 0.18Aa

18.80 ± 0.25 Aa

17.52 ± 0.01Aa

17.38 ± 0.25 Aa

17.84 ± 0.17Aa

n-

17.10 ± 0.19Aa

17.42 ± 0.17Aa

18.24 ± 0.15 Aa

17.41 ± 0.20Aa

17.07 ± 0.16 Aa

17.33 ± 0.32Aa

ns

16.88 ± 0.4Aab

17.51 ± 0.14Aa

17.98 ± 0.18Aab

17.61 ± 0.28Aa

16.75 ± 0.15Aab

17.32 ± 0.28Aa

n+

16.47 ± 0.25Ab

17.11 ± 0.18Aa

17.86 ± 0.21 Ab

17.56 ± 0.15Aa

16.41 ± 0.11 Ab

17.02 ± 0.28Aa

λ _(day^− 1₎

n0

1.1102 ± 0.01Ab

1.1086 ± 0.017Ab

1.1013 ± 0.015Aa

1.1055 ± 0.017Ab

1.1096 ± 0.015Ab

1.1078 ± 0.016Ab

n-

1.1378 ± 0.01Aa

1.1322 ± 0.013Aa

1.1195 ± 0.015Aa

1.1222 ± 0.013Aa

1.1410 ± 0.018Aa

1.1265 ± 0.018Aa

ns

1.1481 ± 0.02Aa

1.1381 ± 0.012Aa

1.1310 ± 0.014Aa

1.1326 ± 0.014Aa

1.1586 ± 0.015Aa

1.1336 ± 0.011Aa

n+

1.1603 ± 0.02Aa

1.1582 ± 0.011Aa

1.1344 ± 0.013Aa

1.1415 ± 0.012Aa

1.1608 ± 0.013Aa

1.1543 ± 0.011Aa