Table 3 The mean (± SE) pre-adult longevity, adult longevity, pre-oviposition periods (days) and total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) of H. hebetor on H. armigera reared on six tomato cultivars with four nitrogen levels

Egg

n0

1.44 ± 0.04Aa

1.40 ± 0.03Aa

1.42 ± 0.04Aa

1.42 ± 0.03Aa

1.46 ± 0.04Aa

1.44 ± 0.04Aa

n−

1.44 ± 0.04Aa

1.46 ± 0.03Aa

1.46 ± 0.04Aa

1.40 ± 0.03Aa

1.48 ± 0.04Aa

1.44 ± 0.04Aa

ns

1.42 ± 0.05Aa

1.44 ± 0.03Aa

1.44 ± 0.04Aa

1.40 ± 0.03Aa

1.46 ± 0.04Aa

1.42 ± 0.03Aa

n+

1.40 ± 0.05Aa

1.44 ± 0.02Aa

1.40 ± 0.04Aa

1.40 ± 0.03Aa

1.48 ± 0.04Aa

1.41 ± 0.03Aa

Larvae

n0

3.12 ± 0.041 Ca

3.16 ± 0.05Ca

3.77 ± 0.04Aa

3.33 ± 0.063Ba

3.11 ± 0.04BCa

3.57 ± 0.043 Aa

n−

2.74 ± 0.053 Db

3.08 ± 0.06Ca

3.66 ± 0.07Aa

3.22 ± 0.052BCa

2.99 ± 0.03CDab

3.46 ± 0.073ABa

ns

2.41 ± 0.007Dbc

3.09 ± 0.04Ba

3.25 ± 0.07Ab

3.14 ± 0.054Bab

2.71 ± 0.054Cb

3.35 ± 0.071Aab

n+

2.17 ± 0.054Dcd

3.01 ± 0.04Ba

3.19 ± 0.07Ab

3.03 ± 0.051Bb

2.63 ± 0.053Cb

3.27 ± 0.076Aab

Pupa

n0

7.17 ± 0.06ABa

7.21 ± 0.08Aa

7.34 ± 0.060Aa

7.27 ± 0.07Aa

7.220 ± 0.070Aa

7.31 ± 0.07Aa

n−

6.92 ± 0.06ABa

7.12 ± 0.08Aa

7.29 ± 0.050Aa

7.21 ± 0.06Aa

7.080 ± 0.060Aa

7.26 ± 0.06Aa

ns

6.91 ± 0.080Ba

7.06 ± 0.06Aa

7.14 ± 0.060Aa

7.12 ± 0.04Aa

6.89 ± 0.0611Ba

7.22 ± 0.06Aa

n+

6.73 ± 0.050Bb

7.05 ± 0.06Aa

7.16 ± 0.060Aa

7.06 ± 0.03Aa

6.92 ± 0.054ABb

7.13 ± 0.06Aa

Total Pre-adult

n0

11.75 ± 0.09 Da

12.06 ± 0.11 Ca

12.83 ± 0.11Aa

12.10 ± 0.12Ca

11.68 ± 0.14 Da

12.39 ± 0.11Ba

n−

10.91 ± 0.12Eb

11.44 ± 0.13Db

12.49 ± 0.11Ab

11.83 ± 0.09 Cb

11.33 ± 0.09Db

12.16 ± 0.14Bb

ns

10.76 ± 0.16Eb

11.28 ± 0.09Dbc

12.47 ± 0.11Ab

11.72 ± 0.08 Cb

11.22 ± 0.11Db

12.11 ± 0.12Bb

n+

10.14 ± 0.09Ec

11.21 ± 0.08Cc

12.28 ± 0.09Ac

11.44 ± 0.08Bc

10.88 ± 0.09Dc

12.26 ± 0.12Aa

Fecundity (offspring)

n0

58.0 ± 6.21Ac

52.0 ± 6.87Ab

47.0 ± 5.70Bb

48.2 ± 6.13Bb

56.6 ± 5.94Ac

56.02 ± 7.33Ab

n−

69.0 ± 7.32Ab

63.0 ± 6.44Aa

58.2 ± 8.21Ba

59.7 ± 9.11Ba

67.7 ± 7.86Ab

65.70 ± 6.34Aa

ns

78.1 ± 6.41Aa

64.0 ± 9.38Ba

59.6 ± 6.11Ca

66.3 ± 7.32Ba

81.7 ± 5.65Aa

66.9 ± 8.330Ba

n+

76.4 ± 9.31Aa

66.4 ± 7.82Ba

62.5 ± 7.33Ba

66.0 ± 5.51Ba

82.1 ± 6.91Aa

66.32 ± 6.42Ba

Longevity (♀)

n0

16.40 ± 0.22Ab

16.22 ± 0.24Aa

16.04 ± 0.31Aa

16.11 ± 0.63Aa

16.32 ± 0.38Ab

16.03 ± 0.32Aab

n−

17.7 ± 0.2ABab

16.50 ± 0.47Ba

16.19 ± 0.22Ba

16.61 ± 0.57Ba

18.57 ± 0.33Aa

17.29 ± 0.53ABa

ns

18.73 ± 0.53Aa

16.60 ± 0.43Ba

16.33 ± 0.55Ba

16.54 ± 0.28Ba

18.86 ± 0.25Aa

17.28 ± 0.46ABa

n+

18.67 ± 0.41Aa

16.92 ± 0.2ABa

16.25 ± 0.47Ba

16.73 ± 0.42Ba

18.79 ± 0.29Aa

17.25 ± 0.27ABa

Longevity (♂)

n0

5.40 ± 0.35Aa

5.10 ± 0.36Aa

5.23 ± 0.24Aa

5.17 ± 0.63Aa

5.20 ± 0.51Aa

5.16 ± 0.26Aa

n−

6.23 ± 0.28Aa

6.02 ± 0.47Aa

5.60 ± 0.45Aa

6.18 ± 0.61Aa

6.32 ± 0.33Aa

6.07 ± 0.45Aa

ns

6.41 ± 0.32Aa

6.21 ± 0.52Aa

6.12 ± 0.35Aa

6.14 ± 0.52Aa

6.53 ± 0.57Aa

6.13 ± 0.52Aa

n+

6.30 ± 0.57Aa

6.10 ± 0.22Aa

6.15 ± 0.51Aa

6.22 ± 0.47Aa

6.40 ± 0.63Aa

6.21 ± 0.32Aa

TPOP (day)

n0

12.34 ± 0.14Ca

13.41 ± 0.18Ca

13.96 ± 0.22Aa

13.83 ± 0.25Aa

13.21 ± 0.25Ca

13.69 ± 0.18Ba

n−

12.18 ± 0.1Cab

13.12 ± 0.14Cb

13.88 ± 0.18Aa

13.20 ± 0.09Cb

12.75 ± 0.11Db

13.48 ± 0.22Bb

ns

12.04 ± 0.32Db

12.85 ± 0.12Cc

13.81 ± 0.22Aa

13.42 ± 0.11Bb

12.70 ± 0.10Cb

13.34 ± 0.19Bb

n+

11.76 ± 0.16Ec

12.55 ± 0.1CDd

13.74 ± 0.23Aa

12.73 ± 0.15Cc

12.35 ± 0.08Dc

13.46 ± 0.25Bb