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Table 6 Influence of Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, and their mixtures on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of beetroot infected with two/three pathogens simultaneously in a disease complex incited by Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum, and Rhizoctonia solani

From: Potential of Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, and their mixture on the management of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum, and Rhizoctonia solani disease complex of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Bioagents

Pathogens

Fv/Fm

ɸPSII

qP

NPQ

ETR

Control

C

0.661d

0.436d

0.534d

0.425c

163.43c

M + P

0.404l

0.252jk

0.263m

0.292j

119.34gh

M + R

0.382m

0.244kl

0.254m

0.271k

116.31h

P + R

0.425k

0.283hi

0.291l

0.314i

123.43g

M + P + R

0.343n

0.206m

0.221n

0.231l

103.21i

B. subtilis

C

0.691c

0.461c

0.571c

0.446b

171.54b

M + P

0.501h

0.283hi

0.384hij

0.342gh

135.37f

M + R

0.482hi

0.271ij

0.362j

0.336h

133.31f

P + R

0.525f

0.304h

0.403gh

0.353efgh

138.51f

M + P + R

0.446j

0.225l

0.321k

0.264 k

121.42gh

P. putida

C

0.712b

0.483b

0.591b

0.453ab

173.53b

M + P

0.523f

0.294h

0.386hi

0.353efgh

136.35f

M + R

0.503gh

0.285hi

0.374ij

0.346fgh

134.46f

P + R

0.535f

0.326g

0.412g

0.362efg

140.29ef

M + P + R

0.471i

0.243kl

0.341k

0.281jk

124.33g

B. subtilis + P. putida

C

0.782a

0.534a

0.651a

0.472a

187.26a

M + P

0.593e

0.352f

0.463ef

0.371e

149.27d

M + R

0.582e

0.346f

0.451f

0.364ef

146.41de

P + R

0.601e

0.381e

0.482e

0.395d

151.38d

M + P + R

0.526f

0.293h

0.413g

0.332hi

134.63f

LSD p = 0.05

Bioagents (B)

0.010

0.008

0.009

0.008

2.94

Pathogens (P)

0.011

0.009

0.010

0.009

3.28

B × P

0.023

0.019

0.021

0.019

6.57

CV

3.06

4.28

4.06

4.36

3.65

  1. Data are presented as treatments mean (n = 5). The mean values within a column followed by the different letter are significantly different at p = 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT)
  2. CV coefficient of variation, Fv/Fm maximal PSII efficiency, ɸPSII photochemical efficiency of PSII, qP photochemical quenching, NPQ nonphotochemical quenching, ETR electron transport rate, C control, M M. incognita, P P. betavasculorum, and R R. solani