Potential of entomopathogenic nematode isolates from Rwanda to control the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 1 GLM analysis for mortality of Tuta absoluta larvae caused by different EPNs used at 500 IJs/ml

Bioassay	Sources of variation	df	F	P	Significance
One	EPNs at 24 h of exposure	5, 12	48.29	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs at 48 h of exposure	5, 12	9.95	0.0006	***
	EPNs at 72 h of exposure	5, 12	71.06	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs at 96 h of exposure	5, 12	1.00	0.4582	ns
	Exposure time	3, 48	95.49	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs × exposure time	15, 48	7.36	< 0.0001	***
Two	EPNs at 24 h of exposure	5, 12	27.46	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs at 48 h of exposure	5, 12	423.82	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs at 72 h of exposure	5, 12	3.09	0.0508	ns
	EPNs at 96 h of exposure	5, 12	–	–	ns
	Exposure time	3, 48	95.04	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs × exposure time	15, 48	12.86	< 0.0001	***
Three	EPNs at 24 h of exposure	5, 12	204.85	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs at 48 h of exposure	5, 12	32.69	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs at 72 h of exposure	5, 12	4.82	0.0119	*
	EPNs at 96 h of exposure	5, 12	–	–	ns
	Exposure time	3, 48	153.75	< 0.0001	***
	EPNs × exposure time	15, 48	19.28	< 0.0001	***

* and *** show significance at P < 0.05 and P <0.001, respectively; ns indicates non-significance; the sign – indicates where GLM was not possible because there was no variation between treatments; One, Two, and Three are the bioassays conducted