Comparison of virulence, reproductive potential, and persistence among local Heterorhabditis indica populations for the control of Temnorhynchus baal (Reiche & Saulcy) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Egypt

Shehata, Ibrahim E.; Hammam, Mostafa M. A.; El-Borai, Fahiem E.; Duncan, Larry W.; Abd-Elgawad, Mahfouz M. M.

doi:10.1186/s41938-019-0137-5

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 1 Mortality of Temnorhynchus baal larvae after exposure to different populations of Heterorhabditis indica and numbers of emerging nematode-infective juveniles using 2 different types of soil as substrates (mean of four replicates (cups) each has four insects. The control has the grubs without nematodes)

From: Comparison of virulence, reproductive potential, and persistence among local Heterorhabditis indica populations for the control of Temnorhynchus baal (Reiche & Saulcy) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Egypt

H. indica population code	Soil type	Mortalities of T. baal larvae (5 days post-treatment)		Number of emerging nematode-infective juveniles/grub larva
		Mortalities of T. baal larvae (5 days post-treatment)		Days of post-infestation
		Mean ± SE	Mortality %	10 days (7 April 2018)	18 days (15 April 2018)	26 days (23 April 2018)	30 days (1 May 2018)	Total IJs rate/larva
20	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	324	39,606	4522	4	44,456
16	Loamy sand	3.75 ± 0.43	93.75	294	36,005	1455	0	37,754
46	Loamy sand	3.75 ± 0.43	93.75	199	33,855	1460	0	35,514
15	Loamy sand	3.75 ± 0.43	93.75	124	35,864	1328	0	37,316
17	Loamy sand	3.75 ± 0.43	93.75	151	38,157	1457	0	39,765
32	Loamy sand	3.75 ± 0.43	93.75	102	30,787	1405	0	32,294
19	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	114	30,228	2492	0	32,834
18	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	127	32,363	1437	0	33,927
35	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	131	31,148	1491	2	32,772
33	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	211	37,455	3640	0	41,306
27	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	100	30,515	2462	0	33,077
26	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	187	31,356	1487	0	33,030
39	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	174	36,718	7669	17	44,578
37/2	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	155	38,987	2528	0	41,670
31	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	389	41,018	12,575	3	53,985
4//2	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	166	42,757	1573	2	44,498
34	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	103	34,036	1438	5	35,582
5	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	129	44,308	3588	7	48,032
44	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	209	43,817	2554	9	46,589
48	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	151	36,834	1701	2	38,688
11	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	101	39,789	1448	0	41,338
18/2	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	156	44,393	4172	0	48,721
47	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	177	43,688	15,812	0	59,677
60	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	188	42,540	2773	0	45,501
40/2	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	114	34,334	2295	0	36,743
41	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	107	37,599	1826	0	39,532
40	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	122	35,288	1368	0	36,778
21	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	184	43,585	3229	0	46,998
6 //2	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	177	42,715	2856	0	45,748
50	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	218	38,150	1560	0	39,928
22	Sandy	4 ± 0	100	139	41,894	2778	7	44,818
43	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	190	35,828	2816	2	38,836
25	Sandy	3.75 ± 0.43	93.75	248	41,196	9491	8	50,943
58	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	112	38,005	805	0	38,922
7	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	110	34,113	1632	11	35,866
38	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	97	37,989	1470	9	39,565
29	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	162	33,661	1534	0	35,357
6	Loamy sand	4 ± 0	100	137	34,702	1519	0	36,358
Control 1	Loamy sand	0.25 ± 0.43	6.25	0	0	0	0	0
Control 2	Sandy	0.5 ± 0.5	12.5	0	0	0	0	0

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