Dual application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi on immune and antioxidant enzymes of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 4 Changes in glutathione S-transferase activity in the hemolymph of last instar Galleria mellonella larvae infected with Heterorhabditis zealandica, Beauveria bassiana, and their combination

Time (h) post-infection	Control (m mole sub. /min g.b.wt)	Heterorhabditis zealandica (m mole sub. /min g.b.wt)	Beauveria bassiana (m mole sub. /min g.b.wt)	H. zealandica + B. bassiana (m mole sub. /min g.b.wt)
12 h	67.5 ± 3.8^a	74.17 ± 1.6^abd	84.73 ± 3.3^b	139.33 ± 5.4^c
24 h	32.8 ± 1.1^a	99 ± 1.5^b	36.33 ± 1.4^ad	120 ± 5.5^c
36 h	63.13 ± 1.6^a	66.2 ± 1.6^ab	72.17 ± 2.1^b	102.33 ± 2.8^c
48 h	102 ± 2.1^a	49.03 ± 1.5^b	123.33 ± 3.4^c	52.03 ± 2.3^db

Means followed by the same letter in the same row are not significantly different at p > 0.05 Duncan’s multiple range test