Dual application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi on immune and antioxidant enzymes of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 3 Changes in phenoloxidase activity (mean ± SE) of last instar Galleria mellonella larvae at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h post-infection with Heterorhabditis zealandica, Beauveria bassiana, and their combination

Time (h) post-infection	Control (O.D. units/min/g.b.wt)	H. zealandica (O.D. units/min/g.b.wt)	B. bassiana (O.D. units/min/g.b.wt)	H. zealandica + B. bassiana (O.D. units/min/g.b.wt)
12 h	33.86 ± 1.2^a	32.00 ± 14^ac	50.30 ± 1.6^b	29.76 ± 0.8^acd
24 h	37.63 ± 1.3^a	19.10 ± 05^b	47.70 ± 1.9^c	16.97 ± 0.3^db
36 h	39.20 ± 1.3^a	12.33 ± 0.2^b	60.27 ± 2.3^c	13.33 ± 0.3 ^bd
48 h	45.73 ± 0.6^a	15.83 ± 0.4^b	72.20 ± 2.9^c	8.63 ± 0.7^d

Means followed by the same letter in the same row are not significantly different at p > 0.05 Duncan’s multiple range test