Effect of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, on demographic fitness of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 3 Sub-lethal effects of Metarhizium anisopliae (DEMI 001 strain) on sex ratio of Tuta absoluta tested by χ² goodness-of-fit to a 1:1 (female to male) ratio

Treatments	Observed frequency^a		Expected frequency		χ² (df = 1)	P value	Female to male
Treatments	Female	Male	Female	Male	χ² (df = 1)	P value	Female to male
Control	38	27	32.5	32.5	1.862	0.172	1.41
LC₁₀	31	25	28	28	0.643	0.423	1.24
LC₂₀	24	20	22	22	0.364	0.546	1.20
LC₃₀	18	20	19	19	0.105	0.746	0.90

^aThe numbers of adults used to calculate the observed sex ratio for Tuta absoluta at control, LC₁₀, LC₂₀, and LC₃₀ treatments was 65, 56, 44, and 38, respectively