Demographic parameters of the indigenous egg parasitoids, Trichogramma spp., parasitizing the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 1 Biological parameters of Trichogramma spp. (second generation) on Tuta absoluta eggs in tomato

Parameter		Parameter estimate (mean ± SE) of Trichogramma species				CD (p = 0.05)
Parameter		T. achaeae	T. pretiosum	T. chilonis	T. pieridis	CD (p = 0.05)
Duration of eggs to adult emergence (days)		10.80 ± 0.20	10.70 ± 0.26	10.50 ± 0.16	10.70 ± 0.26	NS
Number of eggs parasitized/30 eggs		22.13^b ± 0.37	25.67^a ± 0.28	21.10^b ± 0.49	18.77^c ± 0.98	1.79
Parasitization (%)^d		73.78 ± 1.17 (59.23^b ± 0.81)	84.22 ± 0.87 (66.65^a ± 0.73)	70.33 ± 1.62 (57.05^b ± 1.06)	62.56 ± 3.27 (52.42^c ± 2.07)	(3.40)
Number of adults emerged		19.50^a ± 0.23	22.53^a ± 0.31	17.73^c ± 0.44	15.47^d ± 0.77	1.41
Adult emergence (%)^e		88.83 ± 1.02 (9.45^ab ± 0.06)	89.16 ± 0.79 (9.50^a ± 0.04)	84.18 ± 1.87 (9.22^bc ± 0.10)	82.75 ± 1.97 (9.14^c ± 0.11)	(0.24)
Adult longevity (days)	Male	2.06 ± 0.15	–	1.94 ± 0.06	2.01 ± 0.08	NS
Adult longevity (days)	Female	3.50^b ± 0.13	4.17^a ± 0.09	3.53^b ± 0.13	3.53^b ± 0.09	0.33
Fecundity		55.90^a ± 0.59	54.75^a ± 0.72	51.44^b ± 0.57	41.48^c ± 0.94	2.08
Male (%)^d		37.63 ± 1.39 (37.63^b ± 0.87)	0.00 ± 0.00 (0.00 ± 0.00)	36.65 ± 1.62 (37.20^b ± 1.02)	40.35 ± 1.66 (39.38^a ± 1.03)	(2.34)
Female (%)^d		62.64 ± 1.39 (52.33^a ± 0.87)	100 ± 0.00 (90.00^a ± 0.00)	63.35 ± 1.62 (52.77^b ± 1.02)	59.65 ± 1.66 (50.58^c ± 1.03)	(2.43)
Sex ratio (M to F)		1:1.68	0:1	1:1.73	1:1.48	–

^a,b,cMean values followed by same alphabet in a row do not differ significantly at p=0.05
^dFigures in parentheses are arc sine transformed values
^eFigures in parentheses are square root transformed values