Table 1 Lethal times (LT₅₀ and LT₉₀) for Aphis fabae treated with six entomopathogenic fungi (1 × 10⁶ conidia/ml), commercial bioinsecticide, and synthetic insecticide

TR-01

3.45 (2.98–3.92) a*

5.25 (4.65–6.28) ab

TR-04

3.73 (3.55–3.93) a

5.15 (4.86–5.55) ab

TR-05

2.96 (2.78–3.14) a

4.35 (4.08–4.68) ab

TR-07

3.21 (2.79–3.72) a

4.30 (3.79–5.28) ab

TR-08

3.83 (2.97–5.37) a

6.06 (4.81–11.40) a

TR-10

3.08 (2.25–3.88) a

4.80 (3.97–7.20) ab

Verticillium lecanii

4.37 (4.16–5.19) a

6.72 (6.09–7.01) a

Imidacloprid

0.73 (0.65–1.24) b

2.36 (2.01–2.98) b

F value

9.499

3.180

P value

< 0.001

< 0.026