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Table 2 Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and some plant extracts on some biological aspects after treatment of 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus

From: Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and four plant extracts on the mortality and development of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Cullicidae)

Treatments (mg/l)

Larval duration

Pupation %

Malformed pupae %

Adult emergence %

Malformed adults %

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

 0.75

3.45 ± 0.1a

42 ± 0.35b

1.65

33 ± 0.12b

12

 1.25

3.23 ± 0.12a

38 ± 0.4c

3.33

24 ± 0.13c

11.1

 2.5

2.45 ± 0.14b

23 ± 0.32d

6.73

15 ± 0.05d

6.2

 5

2.14 ± 0.11b

16 ± 0.24e

5.00

0.0 ± 0.0e

 7.5

2.10 ± 0.06b

0.0 ± 0.0f

0.0 ± 0.0e

 10

0.94 ± 0.03c

0.0 ± 0.0f

0.0 ± 0.0e

 Control

3.39 ± 0.15a

92 ± 0.65a

0.0

90 ± 0.65a

0.0

Nigella sativa

 10

9.60 ± 0.31a

43.3 ± 0.32b

6.45

66.1 ± 0.15b

19.5

 25

7.24 ± 0.27b

40 ± 0.21c

13.67

54.4 ± 0.11c

21.4

 35

5.36 ± 0.17c

33.7 ± 0.13d

20.0

62.5 ± 0.17d

13.04

 45

5.12 ± 0.14c

26.1 ± 0.11e

0.0

13.4 ± 0.08e

12.3

 55

3.24 ± 0.06d

18.2 ± 0.06f

0.0

0.0 ± 0.00f

 Control

3.19 ± 0.18e

90 ± 0.63a

0.0

93 ± 0.15a

0.0

Cinnamomum osmophloeum

 25

10.75 ± 0.34a

29 ± 0.21b

50

10 ± 0.3b

19.5

 35

8.63 ± 0.30b

27 ± 0.15c

30

6 ± 0.3c

21.2

 50

5.63 ± 0.12c

17 ± 0.02d

7.8

5 ± 0.3d

12.5

 65

5.12 ± 0.1c

0.0 ± 0.0e

0.0 ± 0.0e

 75

3.36 ± 0.07d

0.0 ± 0.0e

0.0 ± 0.0e

 Control

3.43 ± 0.09d

96 ± 0.17a

0.0

98 ± 0.3a

0.0

  1. Means within column followed by letter are not significant different (P ≥ 0.05) Duncan’s multiple range test