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Table 4 Interaction between Tracer and entomopathogenic nematode species over mortality rate (mean ± SE) of the second and third larval instars of Spodoptera litura after 96 h of treatment application

From: Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) and the biocide, spinosad for mitigation of the armyworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Treatments*

Observed mortality (%) and interactive response between treatments

Second instar

χ 2

Responsec

Third instar

χ 2

Response***

Tracer 800 ppm

100.00 ± 0.00a**

76.67 ± 3.33ab**

Tracer 400 ppm

63.33 ± 3.33 cd

50.00 ± 5.77 cd

Tracer 200 ppm

50.00 ± 5.77de

33.33 ± 3.33de

Sc 1000 IJS

63.33 ± 3.33 cd

46.67 ± 3.34 cd

Sc 500 IJS

33.33 ± 3.33ef

33.33 ± 3.33de

Sc 200 IJS

20.00 ± 5.77 fg

10.00 ± 5.77ef

Sc 100 IJS

3.33 ± 3.33gh

0.00 ± 0.00f

Hi 1000 IJS

60.00 ± 5.77 cd

33.33 ± 6.67de

Hi 500 IJS

33.33 ± 3.33ef

20.00 ± 5.77ef

Hi 200 IJS

13.33 ± 3.33gh

6.67 ± 3.33f

Hi 100 IJS

0.00 ± 0.00 h

0.00 ± 0.00f

Sc + TR 800 ppm

100.00 ± 0.00a

11.28

Synergistic

96.67 ± 3.33a

30.67

Synergistic

Sc + TR 400 ppm

86.67 ± 3.33ab

17.82

Synergistic

70.00 ± 5.77bc

28.73

Synergistic

Sc + TR 200 ppm

73.33 ± 3.33bc

17.56

Synergistic

50.00 ± 5.77 cd

12.10

Synergistic

Hi + TR 800 ppm

100.00 ± 0.00a

12.73

Synergistic

86.67 ± 6.68ab

20.50

Synergistic

Hi + TR 400 ppm

70.00 ± 5.77bc

10.8

Synergistic

76.67 ± 3.33ab

21.63

Synergistic

Hi + TR 200 ppm

56.67 ± 3.33 cd

8.89

Synergistic

46.67 ± 6.67 cd

0.20

Additive

Control

0.00 ± 0.00 h

 

0.00 ± 0.00f

 
  1. *Treatments: TR = Tracer® 240SC, Sc = S. carpocapsae and Hi = H. indica; Sc + TR (S. carpocapsae 1000 IJs + respective concentration of insecticide), Hi + TR (H. indica 1000 IJs + respective concentration of insecticide), **sharing different letters are statistically different by the Tukey test at 5% probability, ***interactive response between treatment mixtures: synergistic (χ2 > 3.84 and observed mortality > expected mortality), additive (χ2 < 3.84), and antagonistic (χ2 > 3.84 and observed mortality < expected mortality)